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feeding, release less than an hour after dusk or an hour before dawn. Choose a safe area away from
traffic, raptors, and, if possible, where the recent use of insecticides is unlikely. This provides the
birds with an opportunity to begin their freedom safely. Whenever possible, time releases accord-
ing to weather and moon phases. A clear forecast and a full moon will enhance foraging.
Goatsuckers that are not physically capable of catching sufficient numbers of insects to sustain
themselves should never be released. Almost no nonreleasable birds are placeable because few
care facilities are willing to maintain a feeding regimen for the life of the bird.

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to acknowledge and thank many fellow rehabilitators who generously contrib-
uted their experience and expertise, among these particularly Gloria Halesworth, Sigrid Ueblacker,
Rebecca Duerr, Nancy Eilertsen, and Shirley Needham. The author also wishes to thank her hus-
band of 43 years for being half of a rehab team.

Sources for Products Mentioned

Catac nipples: Catac Products UK Ltd., 3 – 5 Chiltern Trading Estate, Earl Howe Road, Holmer
Green, High Wycombe, Bucks, HP15 6QT, Tel: +44 (0) 1234 360 116, www.catac.co.uk/xcart/
home.php.
Catac nipples: Chris’s Squirrels and More, LLC, P.O. Box 365, Somers CT 06071, (860) 749‐1129,
www.thesquirrelstore.com.

References

Brigham, R.M., Ng, J., Poulin, R.G., and Grindal, S.D. (2011). Common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor),
version 2.0. In: The Birds of North America (ed. A.F. Poole). Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of
Ornithology https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.213.
Cink, C.L., Pyle, P., and Patten, M.A. (2017). Eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus), version
3.0. In: The Birds of North America. (ed. P.G. Rodewald). Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of
Ornithology https://birdsna.org/Species‐Account/bna/species/whip‐p1.
Howell, T.R. and Bartholomew, G.A. (1959). Further experiments on torpidity in the poor‐will. Condor
61 (3): 180–185.
Miller, E.A. (ed.) (2012). Minimum Standards for Wildlife Rehabilitation, 4e. St. Cloud, MN: National
Wildlife Rehabilitation Association.

Further Reading

Bent, A.C. (1962). Life Histories of North American Cuckoos, Goatsuckers, Hummingbirds, and their
Allies, 506 pp. New York: Dover Press.
Cleere, N. (1998). Nightjars: A Guide to Nightjars and Related Nightbirds, 317 pp. New Haven,
Connecticut: Yale University Press.