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Java Sparrows  777

             and so there is a potential mechanism for hand‐rearing to benefit reproductive success in this
               species, at least for males. The relative success of hand‐rearing, in terms of survival, behavior, and
             reproduction, demonstrated here for captive Java Sparrows illustrates the potential for using this
             technique more widely in the conservation of threatened passerines.

             ­ Acknowledgments


             Thanks to Tom Tooley, Lesley O’Connor, and Peter Smallbones for hand‐rearing the sparrows; Paul
             Jacques for caring for the birds in Reptile Tropics; and Bryony Baker and Charlotte Leaman for
             carrying out the behavioral observations and collating the growth weights and productivity data.
             Holly Farmer helped access zoo records and advised on behavioral observation methods.


             ­ Sources­for Products­Mentioned


             Haith’s leg bands: John E Haith Ltd., The Bird Food Centre, Genesis Way, Europarc, Grimsby, NE
               Lincs, DN37 9TU, UK, www.haiths.com.
             Kaytee products: 521 Clay St, PO Box 230, Chilton, WI USA 53014, (800) KAYTEE‐1, https://www.
               kaytee.com.
             Vesele Laga NutriBird C15 pellets: Versele‐Laga, Kapellestraat 70, 9800 Deinze, Belgium, http://
               www.versele‐laga.com.


             ­ References


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