Page 297 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 15 Disorders of the Nasal Cavity 269

Results of such testing do not support the diagnosis of a Breitschwerdt EB, et al. Bartonella species as a potential cause of
epistaxis in dogs. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:2529.
specific disease. Usual nonspecific findings include turbi- Buchholz J, et al. 3D conformational radiation therapy for palliative
VetBooks.ir nate erosion, mucosal inflammation, and increased mucus treatment of canine nasal tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound.
accumulation as assessed by nasal imaging and rhinos-
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copy; neutrophilic or mixed inflammation with bacteria on
cytology of nasal discharge; and lymphoplasmacytic and/ Fossum TW. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. St Louis: Elsevier
Mosby; 2018.
or neutrophilic inflammation on nasal biopsy. Nonspecific Greci V, Mortellaro CM. Management of otic and nasopharyngeal
abnormalities attributable to chronic inflammation, such as polyps in cats and dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.
epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis, can also be seen. Sec- 2016;46:643.
ondary bacterial rhinitis or Mycoplasma infection may Gunnarsson L, et al. Efficacy of selemectin in the treatment of nasal
be identified. mite (Pneumonyssoides caninum) infection in dogs. J Am Anim
Hosp Assoc. 2004;40:400.
Treatment Hartmann AD, et al. Efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with
Treatment of idiopathic canine chronic rhinitis is also similar feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila
to that described for idiopathic feline rhinosinusitis (see pre- felis or Mycoplasma infections. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:
44.
vious section and Box 15.1). Dogs are treated for secondary Hawkins EC, et al. Failure to identify an association between
bacterial rhinitis (as described the earlier in this chapter), serologic or molecular evidence of Bartonella spp infection
and efforts are made to decrease irritants in the environment and idiopathic rhinitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;233:
(see feline chronic rhinosinusitis). As with cats, some dogs 597.
will benefit from efforts to facilitate the draining of nasal Henn JB, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies against Barton-
discharge by humidification of air or instillation of sterile ella species and evaluation of risk factors and clinical signs
saline into the nasal cavity. associated with seropositivity in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2005;66:
Although antiinflammatory treatment as described pre- 688.
viously for cats may be beneficial in some dogs, successful Holt DE, Goldschmidt MH. Nasal polyps in dogs: five cases
treatment was originally reported in dogs with lymphoplas- (2005-2011). J Small Anim Pract. 2011;52:660.
macytic rhinitis using immunosuppressive doses of predni- Johnson LR, et al. Assessment of infectious organisms associ-
sone (1 mg/kg, orally, q12h). A positive response is expected ated with chronic rhinosinusitis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc.
2005;227:579.
within 2 weeks, at which time the dose of prednisone is Lappin MR, et al. Antimicrobial use guidelines for treatment of
decreased gradually to the lowest effective amount. If no respiratory tract disease in dogs and cats: Antimicrobial Guide-
response to initial therapy occurs, other immunosuppressive lines Working Group of the International Society for Com-
drugs such as azathioprine can be added to the treatment panion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31:
regimen (see Chapter 72). Unfortunately, immunosuppres- 279.
sive treatment is not always effective. If clinical signs worsen Lappin MR, et al. Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to feline
during treatment with corticosteroids, the clinician should herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus infection
discontinue therapy and carefully reevaluate the dog for in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220:38.
other diseases. Mathews KG, et al. Computed tomographic assessment of nonin-
Dogs with severe or nonresponsive signs are candidates vasive intranasal infusions in dogs with fungal rhinitis. Vet Surg.
1996;25:309.
for rhinotomy and turbinectomy, as described for feline Papich MG, et al. Cetirizine (Zyrtec) pharmacokinetics in healthy
chronic rhinosinusitis.
cats, Abstract. J Vet Intern Med. 2006;20:754.
Prognosis Piva S, et al. Chronic rhinitis due to Streptococcus equi subspecies
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The prognosis for idiopathic chronic rhinitis in dogs is gen- Pomerantz JS, et al. Comparison of serologic evaluation via agar gel
erally good with respect to improvement of signs and quality immunodiffusion and fungal culture of tissue for diagnosis of
of life. However, some degree of clinical signs persists in nasal aspergillosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007;230:
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Rassnick KM, et al. Evaluation of factors associated with survival
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Suggested Readings J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;229:401.
Anderson DM, et al. Management of inflammatory polyps in 37 Richards JR, et al. The 2006 American Association of Feline Prac-
cats. Vet Record. 2000;147:684. titioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report. J Am Vet Med
Arteaga T, et al. A retrospective analysis of nasal lymphoma in 71 Assoc. 2006;229:1405.
cats (1999-2006), Abstract. J Vet Intern Med. 2007;21:573. Schmidt BR, et al. Evaluation of piroxicam for the treatment of
Berryessa NA, et al. Microbial culture of blood samples and sero- oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc.
logic testing for bartonellosis in cats with chronic rhinitis. J Am 2001;218:1783.
Vet Med Assoc. 2008;233:1084. Sharman M, et al. Muti-centre assessment of mycotic rhinosinusitis
Binns SH, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for feline Bordetella in dogs: a retrospective study of initial treatment success. J Small
bronchiseptica infection. Vet Rec. 1999;144:575. Anim Pract. 2010;51:423.