Page 1467 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

DNA. Atlantic cod also have unusually high levels of serum IgM
VetBooks.ir and abundant neutrophils in their bloodstream.

Star B, et al. The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system, Nature
407:207-210, 2011.

Many homologs of mammalian cytokines have been identified in
fish including proinflammatory interleukins such as IL-1β, IL-18,
IL-6, and IL-11; interleukin-2 subfamily members, IL-2, -4, -7, -15,
and -21; interleukin-10 subfamily members, IL-10, -20–like, and

-22/26; five interleukin-17 members; plus the heterodimeric
interleukin chains, p19, p35, p40, and EB13 (IL-27β). TNF-α, TGF-β,
IFN-β, and IFN-γ are also found in fish.
Cartilaginous fish reject scale allografts slowly, whereas bony fish

reject them much more rapidly. Repeated grafting leads to
accelerated rejection. The rejected allografts are infiltrated by
lymphocytes and show destruction of blood vessels and pigment
cells. As in all ectotherms, graft rejection is slower at lower

temperatures.

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