Page 473 - The Veterinary Laboratory and Field Manual 3rd Edition

410 Susan C. Cork

Table 10.4 Some causes of diarrhoea in cattle.

Cause Clinical signs Age affected
Clostridium perfringens type B Severe haemorrhagic enterotoxaemia Young well-fed calves
& C
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Chronic diarrhoea, weight loss Sporadic in mature cattle
Candida spp. Acute, profuse, watery diarrhoea Young calves (following
antibiotic use)
Rotavirus and coronavirus Acute, profuse, watery diarrhoea Newborn calves, 5–21 days
of age
BVD virus Erosive gastroenteritis Young cattle, usually sporadic
Rinderpest (largely eradicated as Erosive stomatitis and gastroenteritis, All ages depending on
part of a global initiative) highly contagious immune status, high mortality
Malignant catarrhal fever virus Erosive stomatitis and gastroenteritis, Usually adult cattle, sporadic
enlarged lymph nodes, ocular lesions, cases or outbreaks can occur
may have haematuria and develop
terminal encephalitis
Ostertagiasis Acute or chronic diarrhoea, Young cattle
hypoproteinaemia, weight loss
Protozoa Dysentery, pain in abdomen Calves 3 weeks–12 months,
outbreaks occur
Dietary Varies from chronic malabsorption Any age, often in older
with a high volume of semi-formed animals with worn teeth
faeces to acute watery diarrhoea
Toxicity Varies depending on the cause Varies

Table 10.5 Some causes of diarrhoea in pigs.

Cause Clinical signs Age affected
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Acute profuse diarrhoea, dehydration Young pigs, weaners
Salmonella spp. Acute septicaemia or chronic forms All ages
Clostridium perfringens type C Acute or per acute enterotoxaemia Young pigs, newborn
Treponema hyodystenteriae Acute outbreaks of vomiting and Outbreaks in young pigs
(swine dysentery) diarrhoea
Rotavirus/coronavirus Acute diarrhoea, dehydration, death Outbreaks in young pigs
Coccidiosis Diarrhoea, oocysts in faeces Common at 5–14 days of
age, high morbidity, low
mortality
Trichuris suis Chronic diarrhoea, weight loss All ages
Ascaris sp. Mild diarrhoea More common in young pigs
Iron deficiency Mild diarrhoea, anaemia Young pigs, 6–8 weeks of age
Nutritional Chronic or acute diarrhoea, Any age
malabsorption

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