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440  Niamh Caffrey and Karen Tang

            spread of AMR are necessary if these risks are   the risk to human health: how worried should we
            to be mitigated. Antimicrobial stewardship in   be? Evolutionary Applications 8(3): 240–247.
            both human and veterinary medicine will play   Costelloe, C., Metcalfe, C., Lovering, A., Mant, D.,
            a critical role in decreasing these risks. Each   Hay, A.D. (2010) Effect of antibiotic prescribing in
                                                       primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individ-
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            human and animal health practitioners must   Davin-Regli, A., Pagès, J.M. (2012) Cross-resistance
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            raising livestock, such as incorporating animal   ardship in critical care: a systematic review. ournal
            health plans and using appropriate biosecurity   of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66(6): 1223–1230.
            measures on their premises. The combination   Khachatourians, G.G. (1998) Agricultural use of
            of these strategies, if carried out appropriately,   antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibi-
                                                       otic-resistant bacteria. Canadian Medical Association
            should reduce the need for antibiotics in live-  Journal 159(9): 1129–1136.
            stock production. Organic or antibiotic-free   Lambert, M.L., Suetens, C., Savey, A., Palomar, M.,
            farming practices are becoming more common,   Hiesmayr, M., Morales, I., Agodi, A., Frank, U.,
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