Page 335 - Natural Antioxidants, Applications in Foods of Animal Origin

314 Natural Antioxidants: Applications in Foods of Animal Origin
VetBooks.ir in bael fruit extract as 95.33. Abdullakasim et al. (2007) reported that the

bael fruit drink possess high quantities of total phenolic compounds (37.6–
83.89 mg GAE/100 ml). The aqueous extract of the bael fruit pulp possesses
potent antioxidant effect (Kamalakkannan & Prince, 2003a; 2003b). The
hydro-alcoholic extract of bael pulp is also shown to possess nitric oxide
scavenging activities in vitro (Jagetia & Baliga, 2004). Suvimol and Pranee
(2008) found that bael fruit pulps had TDF, SDF, and IDF contents of 19.84,
11.22, and 8.62 g/100 g dry weight, respectively. According to these workers
the bael fruit is relatively rich in DF and it was in range of fruits which
are defined as high DF fruits. According to Parichha (2004) fresh bael pulp
without seed contains 31.8% TDF.

8.5.1.9 PINEAPPLE SHELL

Pineapple is one of the most important fruits in the world, and most of its
production is used in processing. It is consumed as canned slices, chunks,
dice, or fruit salads and in the preparation of juices, concentrates, and jams
(Salvi & Rajput, 1995). By-products obtained from industrial processing
represent 25–35% of the fruit, and the shell is the major constituent. The
shell has been used to produce alcohol, citric acid, vinegar, bromelain, wine,
sugar syrup, wax, sterols, and cattle feed (Joseph & Mahadeviah, 1988;
Salvi & Rajput, 1995). The DF content and composition of pineapple flesh
has been reported (Bartolomé & Rupérez, 1995).
Properties of a high DF powder prepared from pineapple fruit shell were
evaluated and compared to those of several commercial fruit fibers (Larrauri
et al., 1997). TDF content (70.6%) was similar to some commercial DFs
from apple and citrus fruits; however, its sensory properties were better than
those from commercial fibers. The IDF fraction accounted 99% of the TDF.
Major neutral sugars in SDF and IDF were xylose and glucose, respectively.
Total uronic acids and KL were 5.1 and 11.2%, respectively. At the concen-
tration of 0.5 g of powdered sample/100 mL in the assay mixture, pineapple
fiber showed a higher antioxidant activity (86.7%) than orange peel fiber
(34.6%). Myricetin was the major identified polyphenol in pineapple fiber.

8.5.1.10 DATE BY-PRODUCTS

Dates of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are popular among the
population of the Middle Eastern countries. The fruit is composed of a fleshy