Page 1326 - Problem-Based Feline Medicine

1318 PART 15 CAT WITH EYE PROBLEMS

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MECHANICAL
● Entropion* (p 1320)
Lower eyelid margin rolled inwards, causing corneal irritation and serous to mucopurulent ocular
discharge. Seen occasionally.

● Ectropion (p 1328)
Eyelid rolled outwards due to former injury associated with cicatricial scarring.
● Upper lid ptosis* (p 1324)
Upper eyelid droops or fails to be elevated. Usually from sympathetic neuropathy (Horner’s syn-
drome) and associated with ipsilateral miosis, enophthalmos and third eyelid prominence. Less
often from cranial nerve III paresis, and occasionally in associated with a dilated pupil unrespon-
sive to light (internal ophthalmoplegia), or inability to elevate the eyeball during outward turning.

NEOPLASTIC
● Squamous cell carcinoma*** (p 1321)
Ulceration and crusting affecting the lid margins and non-haired skin or conjunctiva. Localized or
diffuse eyelid swelling may be present. Only occurs on non-pigmented skin.
● Basal cell carcinoma** (p 1321)
Flat to slightly raised areas of red to dark brown discoloration with irregular edges.

● Mast cell tumor* (p 1321)
Rapidly growing nodular tumor often with poorly defined borders, with variable surface
ulceration.
● Fibrosarcoma* (p 1321)
Usually rapidly growing diffuse swelling with involvement of adjacent facial or orbital tissues.
● Sebaceous gland adenoma or adenocarcinoma (p 1321)
Nodular or diffuse mass causing localized thickening of the eyelid. Tumor may have an ulcerated
surface.
INFLAMMATION/INFECTIOUS
Bacterial:

● Bacterial blepharitis, meibomitis, chalazion or hordoleum* (p 1324)
Bacterial blepharitis causes eyelid swelling, erythema and ulceration. Lesions seen more
commonly at the medial canthus. Meibomitis, chalazion and hordoleum are associated with
acute or chronic swelling of single or multiple meibomian glands, causing erythema of lid
conjunctiva, and eyelid swelling. In acute cases (hordoleum) the lids are painful and inflamed
with inflammation around the glands. In chronic cases, inflammation may organize into large
mass of caseous material with a tendency to be walled off in fibrous capsules within eyelid (cha-
lazion). Only individual glands may be swollen (meibomitis). Mucoid to mucopurulent ocular
discharge occurs.
Fungal:
● Dermatophytosis** (p 1322)
Alopecia and crusting or scaling of peri-ocular eyelid skin. Other similar lesions on the face or ears.