Page 689 - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th Edition

Lameness of the Proximal Limb 655

Prognosis 15. Bleyaert HF, Madison JB. Complete biceps brachii tenotomy to
facilitate internal fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures in
A good prognosis for return to performance can be
three horses. Vet Surg 1999;28:48–53.
VetBooks.ir expected for conservative management of horses that 16. Bleyaert H, Sullins K, White N. Supraglenoid tubercle fractures in
horses. Contin Educ Vet Pract 1994;16:531–536.
have nonarticular fractures or minimally displaced
17. Bohn A, Papageorges M, Grant BD. Ultrasonographic evaluation
articular fractures of the SGT. The prognosis for return
16
to athletic soundness is poor for conservative manage- and surgical treatment of humeral osteitis and bicipital tenosyno-
vitis in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:305–306.
ment of horses that sustain simple or comminuted 18. Bosch G, de Mos M, van Binsbergen R, et al. The effect of focused
displaced articular fractures, but pasture soundness is extracorporeal shock wave therapy on collagen matrix and gene
expression in normal tendons and ligaments. Equine Vet J
possible in some. 15,37 2009;41:335–341.
The prognosis following surgical excision of the frac- 19. Boswell JC, Schramme MC, Wilson AM, et al. Radiological study
tured SGT is better than that achieved with conservative to evaluate suspected scapulohumeral joint dysplasia in Shetland
management for return to performance in horses with ponies. Equine Vet J 1999;31:510–514.
displaced simple or comminuted articular fractures and 20. Bukowiecki CF, van Fe RT, Schneiter HL. Internal fixation of
comminuted transverse scapular fracture in a foal. J Am Vet Med
for chronic articular fractures. 16,37,75,98 In one report, 4 of Assoc 1989;195:781–783.
7 horses treated with surgical excision of the fractured 21. Carmona JU, López C. Autologous platelet concentrates as a treatment
tubercle returned to performance, including one racing for shoulder injury in a horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2011;31:506–510.
Thoroughbred that had a successful career at a reduced 22. Clegg PD, Dyson SJ, Summerhays GE, et al. Scapulohumeral oste-
oarthritis in 20 Shetland ponies, miniature horses and falabella
performance level. 16 ponies. Vet Rec 2001;148:175–179.
Presently the prognosis for internal fixation appears 23. Colbourne C, Yovich J, Bolton J. The diagnosis and successful
best if a combination of internal fixation and com- treatment of shoulder luxation in a pony. Aust Equine Vet
1991;9:100–102.
plete transection of the biceps brachii tendon is used 24. Cole R, Schumacher J, Wilhite R, et al. Extension of the scapulo-
for simple acute fractures. 2,16,27 In one report, 3 of 3 humeral joint increases the likelihood of success of centesis of the
horses treated by this method were sound for their bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses. Equine Vet Educ
intended use. 16 2014;26:93–97.
25. Coudry V, Allen AK, Denoix JM. Congenital abnormalities of the
bicipital apparatus in four mature horses. Equine Vet J
2005;37:272–275.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 26. Crabill MR, Chaffin MK, Schmitz DG. Ultrasonographic mor-
phology of the bicipital tendon and bursa in clinically normal
The authors thank Dr. Ted S. Stashak for his contribu- quarter horses. Am J Vet Res 1995;56:5–10.
tions to this chapter in the previous edition. 27. Dart AJ, Snyder JR. Repair of a supraglenoid tuberosity fracture
in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:95–96.
28. Davidson EJ, Martin BB. Stress fracture of the scapula in two
horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004;45:407–410.
References 29. DeBowes R, Wagner D, Grant B. Surgical approach to the equine
scapulohumeral joint through a longitudinal infraspinatus tenot-
1. Adams OR. Lameness in Horses, 3rd ed. Lea and Febiger, omy. Vet Surg 1982;11:125.
Philadelphia, 1974. 30. Denny HR. Fractures of the scapula. In Treatment of Equine
2. Adams SB. Surgical repair of a supraglenoid tubercle fracture in a Fractures. Denny HR, ed. Wright, London, 1989;28–33.
horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987;191:332–334. 31. Devous MD, Twardock AR. Techniques and application of nuclear
3. Adams SB. Fractures of the scapula. In Equine Fracture Repair. medicine in the diagnosis of equine lameness. J Am Vet Med Assoc
Nixon AJ, ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996;254–258. 1984;184:318–325.
4. Adams MN, Turner TA. Endoscopy of the intertubercular bursa in 32. Doyle PS, White NA. Diagnostic findings and prognosis following
horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:221–225. arthroscopic treatment of subtle osteochondral lesions in the
5. Adams OR, Schneider RK, Bramlage LR, et al. A surgical approach shoulder joint of horses: 15 cases (1996–1999). J Am Vet Med
to treatment of suprascapular nerve injury in the horse. J Am Vet Assoc 2000;217:1878–1882.
Med Assoc 1985;187:1016–1018. 33. Duncan I, Schneider R. Equine suprascapular neuropathy
6. Arighi M, Miller CR, Pennock PW. Arthrodesis of the scapulo- (Sweeny): clinical and pathologic observations. Proc Am Assoc
humeral joint in a miniature horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc Equine Pract 1985;31:415–428.
1987;191:713–714. 34. Duncan ID, Schneider RK, Hammang JP. Subclinical entrapment
7. Arnold C, Chaffin M, Honnas C, et al. Diagnosis and surgical neuropathy of the equine suprascapular nerve. Acta Neuropathol
management of a subchondral bone cyst within the intermediate 1987;74:53–61.
tubercle of the humerus in a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2008;20: 35. Dutton DM, Honnas CM, Watkins JP. Nonsurgical treatment of
310–315. suprascapular nerve injury in horses: 8 cases (1988–1998). J Am
8. Auer JA, Widmer A. Shoulder arthrodesis in a Minishetty stallion. Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1657–1659.
AO Dialogue 2009;2:34–35. 36. Dyce K, Sack W, Wensing C. The forelimb of the horse. In
9. Babinski J, Richter W. Fractures of the scapula in sporting horses. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. Dyce S, Sack W, Wensing C, eds.
́
Monatshefte Veterinarmed 1990;45:93–94. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1987;542–575.
10. Bertone AL, McIlwraith CW, Powers BE, et al. Arthroscopic sur- 37. Dyson S. Sixteen fractures of the shoulder region in the horse.
gery for the treatment of osteochondrosis in the equine shoulder Equine Vet J 1985;17:104–110.
joint. Vet Surg 1987;16:303–311. 38. Dyson S. Diagnostic techniques in the investigation of shoulder
11. Blaeyert H. Bicipital bursitis/tenosynovitis and humeral osteitis. lameness. Equine Vet J 1986;18:25–28.
In Current Techniques of Equine Surgery and Lameness. White 39. Dyson S. Interpreting radiographs 7: radiology of the equine
N, Moore J, eds. WB Saunders and Co., Philadelphia, 1998; shoulder and elbow. Equine Vet J 1986;18:352–361.
424–426. 40. Dyson S. Shoulder lameness in horses: an analysis of 58 suspected
12. Blaeyert H. Scapulohumeral joint luxations. In Current Techniques cases. Equine Vet J 1986;18:29–36.
of Equine Surgery and Lameness. White N, Moore J, eds. WB 41. Dyson S. Shoulder lameness in horses: diagnosis and differential
Saunders and Co., Philadelphia, 1998;423–424. diagnosis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 1986;32:461–480.
13. Bleyaert HF. Shoulder injuries. In Current Techniques in Equine 42. Dyson S. Intertuberal (bicipital) bursitis. In Equine Medicine and
Surgery and Lameness. White N, Moore J, eds. WB Saunders, Surgery. Colahan P, Mayhew IG, Merritt A, et al., eds. American
Philadelphia, 1998;422–423. Veterinary Publications, Goleta, CA, 1991;1456–1457.
14. Bleyaert H. Suprascapular nerve injury. In Current Techniques in 43. Forresu D, Lepage OM, Cauvin E. Septic bicipital bursitis, tendo-
Equine Surgery. White N, Moore J, eds. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, nitis and arthritis of the scapulohumeral joint in a mare. Vet Rec
1998;426–428. 2006;159:352.