Page 312 - Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, 2nd Edition
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Musculoskeletal system: 1.7c The axial skeleton – pelvis                  287



  VetBooks.ir  1.543                                     injections of corticosteroids. Fractured or luxated
                                                         coccygeal vertebrae can be stabilised with an intra-
                                                         medullary pin if cosmesis is important, but surgical
                                                         amputation will achieve swift pain relief. Traumatic
                                                         partial amputation of the tail can be treated via
                                                         removal of the most caudal remaining coccygeal
                                                         vertebra to allow for wound closure, along with sys-
                                                         temic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. The
                                                         extent of ischaemic damage following bandaging
                                                         injury will take time to become evident. If there are
                                                         no signs of healing after 2–3 weeks, amputation is
                                                         indicated. Severe displaced sacral fractures warrant
                                                         euthanasia.

                                                         FURTHER READING
                                                         Barstow A, Dyson S (2015) Clinical features and
          Fig. 1.543  Radiograph of a 10-year-old Friesian   diagnosis of sacroiliac joint region pain in 296 horses:
          gelding with abnormal tail carriage and sensitivity   2004–2014. Equine Vet J 27(12):637–647.
          to palpation of the tail head. No lameness was   Burns G, Dart A, Jeffcott L (2016) Review article. Clinical
          appreciated at the walk. There is a complete,     progress in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar problems
          displaced, comminuted fracture of the caudal sacral   in horses. Equine Vet Educ https://doi.org/10.1111/
          vertebra. This fracture healed conservatively.    eve.12623.
                                                         Engeli E, Haussler KK, Erb HN (2004) Development and
                                                            validation of a periarticular injection technique of the
                                 1.544
                                                            sacroiliac joint in horses. Equine Vet J 36(4):324–330.
                                                         Haussler KK, Stover SM, Willits NH (1999) Pathologic
                                                            changes in the lumbosacral vertebrae and pelvis
                                                            in Thoroughbred racehorses. Am J Vet Res 60(2):
                                                            143–145.
                                                         Nagy A, Dyson S, Barr A (2010) Ultrasonographic
                                                            findings in the lumbosacral joint of 43 horses with
                                                            no clinical signs of back pain or hindlimb lameness.
                                                            Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51(5):533–539.
                                                         Stubbs N, Riggs C, Hodges P, Jeffcott L, Hodgson D et al.
                                                            (2010) Osseous spinal pathology and epaxial muscle
          Fig. 1.544  Radiograph
          of the caudal coccygeal                           ultrasonography in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine
                                                            Vet J 42:654–661.
          vertebrae of a pony
          1 month after a tail
          bandage was inadvertently
          left in place for 2 days.
          Note the subluxation of
          one intervertebral joint,
          with lysis of one vertebral
          end-plate (arrow). The
          distal third of the tail was
          subsequently amputated
          and the animal recovered
          uneventfully.
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