Page 1493 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

162 Autoimmune and Immune‐Mediated Skin Diseases 1431

alopecia areata, vitiligo, pemphigus erythematosus, and tuted along with systemic glucocorticoids combined
VetBooks.ir epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma. with azathioprine or ciclosporin (see Table 162.1).
Therapy should be directed towards preserving vision.
Complications may include secondary glaucoma,
Skin lesions may respond while eye lesions continue to
progress. Frequent monitoring of the eyes is important. cataracts, and blindness. Prognosis is guarded, although
better when treatment is instituted early in the disease
Topical or intravitreal glucocorticoids, topical cyclople- course. Repigmentation of the skin and hair may or may
gics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should be insti- not occur.

Further Reading

Lehner GM, Linek M. A case of vesicular cutaneous lupus Morris DO. Ischemic dermatopathies. Vet Clin North Am
erythematosus in a Border collie successfully treated Small Anim Pract 2013; 43(1): 99–111.
with topical tacrolimus and nicotinamide‐tetracycline. Oberkirchner U, Linder KE, Olivry T. Successful treatment
Vet Dermatol 2013; 24(6): 639–41, e159–60. of a novel generalized variant of canine discoid lupus
Mauldin EA, Morris DO, Brown DC, Casal ML. Exfoliative erythematosus with oral hydroxychloroquine. Vet
cutaneous lupus erythematosus in German shorthaired Dermatol 2012; 23(1): 65–70, e15–16.
pointer dogs: disease development, progression and Olivry T, Linder KE. Dermatoses affecting desmosomes
evaluation of three immunomodulatory drugs (ciclosporin, in animals: a mechanistic review of acantholytic
hydroxychloroquine, and adalimumab) in a controlled blistering skin diseases. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20(5–6):
environment. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21(4): 373–82. 313–26.