Page 974 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

912 Section 9 Infectious Disease

monocytic ehrlichiosis. They are considered emerging Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South
VetBooks.ir diseases in the United States, with over 7400 human America, while A. phagocytophilum has been docu-
mented in Europe, Asia, and South America. The fatality
cases reported in the United States in 2017. Human ehr-
lichiosis is most frequently reported in the southeastern
0.2% to 3.7%. Ehrlichia canis infection in humans has
and south‐ central regions of the United States. Three rate of human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis ranges from
states (Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas) account for been documented by molecular methods, but only in
30% of all reported cases. Conversely, human anaplas- Venezuela (named Venezuelan human ehrlichiosis). In
mosis is most frequently reported in the upper midwest- 2008, Panola Mountain Ehrlichia was first detected from
ern and northeastern US, with six states (New York, a sick human in Georgia. In addition, infection with E.
Connecticut, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Minnesota, and muris eauclairensis, formerly E. muris-like agent
Wisconsin) accounting for 90% of all reported cases. (EMLA), has been reported in 115 human cases in the
Additionally, E. chaffeensis has been documented in upper Midwest. No deaths have been described.

Further Reading

Allison RW, Little SE. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J
dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42(2): 127–44. Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51(Pt 6): 2145–65.
Diniz PPVP, Breitschwerdt EB. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Harrus S, Waner T, Neer TM. Ehrlichia canis infection. In:
infection (canine granulocytotropic anaplasmosis). In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. St
Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2012, pp. 227–38.
Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2012, pp. 244–54. Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Greene RT, Lappin MR.
Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, et al. Reorganization of Consensus statement on ehrlichial disease of small
genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and animals from the Infectious Disease Study Group of the
Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. J Vet
of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria Intern Med 2002; 16(3): 309–15.
with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia. Sykes JE. Ehrlichiosis. In: Canine and Feline Infectious
Descriptions of six new species combinations and Diseases. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2013,
designation of Ehrlichia equi and ‘HGE Agent’ as pp. 278–89.