Page 15 - BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Edition

BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery

Equipment and surgical
VetBooks.ir instrumentation

Biopsy
The following instruments are used for biopsy sample
collection:

• Fine needles: These are used to obtain tissue samples
for cytological examination by means of inserting the
needle with or without aspiration (‘woodpecker method’)
• Needle core instruments: These recover substantially
more cells than fine needles
• Biopsy punch: This is commonly used for the
collection of biopsy specimens from the intraoral and
extraoral tissues of the head
• Straight round or oval cup forceps: These are used
to collect biopsy samples from the nasal cavity and Scissors. 1 = Mayo; 2 = Metzenbaum; 3 = Iris; 4 = 45-degree
oropharynx. 1.3 Potts.
• Metzenbaum scissors: These are fine scissors used
Tooth extraction for dissecting soft tissues. The curved scissors

The following instruments are used for tooth extraction: improve visibility and control and are available in a
variety of sizes. A good pair of Metzenbaum scissors is
• Dental luxators: These have sharp, flat-tipped blades essential for head, neck and thoracic surgery. Gold-
and are used to penetrate into and cut the periodontal handled Metzenbaum scissors have a tungsten carbide
ligament between the tooth and alveolar bone cutting edge, resulting in very durable sharp blades.
• Dental elevators: These are less sharp, more curved Smaller curved blunt-ended versions with serrated
blades that fit the circumference of the tooth and are blades are most useful in oral surgery.
designed to exert a rotational force for weakening the
periodontal ligament WARNING
• Extraction forceps: These are used to grasp and
remove an already mobile tooth. Never use Metzenbaum scissors to cut suture
material, as they will quickly become blunt, and the
blades will loosen
Surgical instruments
Types of general surgical instruments, their manufacture,
maintenance, repair and correct use are covered in the • Iris scissors: These are small sharp straight scissors
BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Surgical Principles. that allow precise small cuts to be made.
Further information on dental instruments is available in • Potts scissors: These scissors have a short sharp
the BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry and angled straight blade that may be very useful in
Oral Surgery. cardiovascular, laryngeal and otological surgery. They
are commonly used with a 45-degree angled blade, but
Scalpel blades and handles are available with various angled blades ranging from 0
to 90 degrees.
A scalpel is the best instrument for incising tissue with mini-
mal trauma. The Bard–Parker No. 3 handle is standard and
can be obtained with ruler markings along the handle. It will Thumb forceps
accept the commonly used No. 10, 11 and 15 blades, as
Thumb forceps (Figure 1.4) are used to stabilize and expose
well as No. 12D and 15C blades designed for certain proce- tissue during dissection and suturing. They should be able
dures in the oral cavity. The Bard–Parker No. 5 and 7
to grasp tissue securely with minimal trauma to delicate
handles accept the same blades, but they are long narrow tissue. Thumb forceps should not be used to grasp needles
handles that may be easier to use inside a deep cavity or
as this may damage the tips. The tips should meet and any
for delicate incisions.
intermeshing striations or teeth should align perfectly.
Scissors • DeBakey forceps: These have long, narrow jaws with
Scissors (Figure 1.3) are used for cutting or blunt dissec- longitudinally ribbed tips that intermesh to hold tissue
tion. All Mayo and Metzenbaum scissors should be sharp very delicately but securely. They are available in
enough to easily cut four layers of gauze swab (smaller various sizes, with 1 or 2 mm tip widths. A fine pair of
scissors should be able to cut through at least two layers). DeBakey forceps is an essential instrument for delicate
soft tissue handling in the neck and chest.
• Mayo scissors: These are available either curved or • Adson forceps: These have fine rat-toothed tips, which
straight and in a variety of sizes. Mayo scissors are cause minimal trauma to tissue. Adson forceps are
robust instruments useful for cutting thick tissue, particularly useful for manipulating oral mucosa flaps.
connective tissue, fascia and cartilage. A designated • Adson–Brown forceps: These have fine intermeshing
pair of Mayo scissors in each surgical pack should be teeth at the tips, which provide a slightly broader but
reserved for cutting sutures. delicate grip on tissue.

6

Ch01 HNT.indd 6 31/08/2018 10:22