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to be as strong as the vaccinia virus ones, it is believed that their appears to enhance its pathogenicity. New generation of effective
availability will assist in the development of a new generation of vaccines for the commercial poultry can be designed by deletion
polyvalent FWPV-vectored vaccines. Experiments with a recom- of genes, e.g. A-type inclusion, photolyase. Long-time survival of
binant FWPV co-expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) such genetically modified vaccine virus may reduce its survival
fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes and ILTV time in nature.
glycoprotein B gene indicated that this vaccine could be used as Because of large size genome of these viruses containing many
a potential vaccine for prevention of NDV and ILTV by a single non-essential loci, foreign genes have been expressed in fowlpox
immunization (Sun et al., 2008). and canarypox viruses. Such genetically engineered vaccines have
Several live FWPV-vectored vaccines, e.g. Newcastle disease- provided protection against the respective pathogens. Avian pox
fowlpox vaccine for subcutaneous or wing-web stab immunization viruses produce productive infection in avian hosts but an abor-
of 1-day-old chickens, are available commercially. Similarly, a tive infection in mammalian hosts. This property of the virus has
recombinant FWPV vaccine expressing genes of ILTV also has been used in the development of vaccines for mammalian hosts.
become available. Two recombinant FWPV vaccines expressing For example, canarypox virus vectored vaccines expressing glyco-
H5 haemagglutinin gene of avian influenza virus have been used protein gene of rabies virus or premembrane (prM) and envelope
by the poultry industry for several years in Mexico with encour- (E) genes of West Nile virus have been developed.
aging results. Details on avian pox virus-vectored vaccines have The potential of avian pox viruses to improve current vaccines
been reviewed by Weli and Tryland (2011). Although FWPV and against fowlpox as well as to design new generation of vectored
CNPV have been used as vectors for recombinant vaccines, other monovalent/polyvalent vaccines for both avian and mammalian
avipoxviruses, e.g. quailpox, psittacinepox, sparrowpox, and con- hosts is high.
dorpox, as well as those isolated from Hawaiian endangered birds,
also appear as potential vectors to consider in development of References
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