Page 178 - BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Edition

Chapter 12 · Pleural drainage techniques

chamber is positioned over the ninth rib. The afferent tubing Hackett T (1999) Endocrine and metabolic emergencies. In: BSAVA Manual of
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VetBooks.ir The efferent tubing is inserted into the abdomen behind the Hodges CC, Fossum TW and Evering W (1993) Evaluation of thoracic duct
the seventh or eighth intercostal space, using haemostats.
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last rib. Purse-string sutures are placed around both
Holt D and Wilson J (2012) Preoperative stabilization. In: BSAVA Manual of
afferent and efferent limbs. The cranial skin incision is
enlarged as necessary to allow the pump backing to be Canine and Feline Surgical Principles, ed. S Baines, V Lipscomb and T
Hutchinson, pp.88–103. BSAVA Publications, Gloucester
sutured to intercostal muscles. Muscle, subcutaneous Johnson MS and Martin MWS (2007) Successful medical treatment of 15 dogs
tissue and skin are closed routinely. with pyothorax. Journal of Small Animal Practice 48, 12–16
Postoperatively, the pump chamber is pumped 100–200 Kagen KG and Breznock EM (1979) Variations in the canine thoracic duct system
and the e ects of surgical occlusion demonstrated by rapid aqueous
times every 4–6 hours initially; this is varied in the sub- lymphography using an intestinal lymphatic trunk. American Journal of
sequent weeks to provide control of the clinical signs asso- Veterinary Research 40, 948–958
ciated with the pleural effusion. Potential complications Kovak JR, Ludwig LL, Bergman PJ, Baer KE and Noone KE (2002) Use of
thoracoscopy to determine the aetiology of pleural e usions in dogs and cats:
include dislodgement and flipping of the pump chamber,
18 cases (1998–2001). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
and obstruction of the pump chamber with fibrin. 221, 990–994
Lappin MR (1998) Polysystemic viral diseases. In: Small Animal Internal
Medicine, 2nd edn, ed. R Nelson and G Couto, pp.1290–1294. Mosby, St Louis
Prognosis Lisciandro GR, Lagutchik MS, Mann KA et al. (2008) Evaluation of a thoracic
focused assessment with sonography for trauma (TFAST) protocol to detect
In spite of the encouraging results of surgical treatment
pneumothorax and concurrent thoracic injury in 145 traumatized dogs. Journal
reported recently, the prognosis for dogs and cats with of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 18, 258–269
chylothorax must remain guarded. It is vital to identify Mayhew PD, Culp WTN, Mayhew KN et al. (2012) Minimally invasive treatment of
an underlying cause and treat this condition whenever idiopathic chylothorax in dogs by thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation and
subphrenic pericardiectomy: six cases (2007–2010). Journal of the American
pos sible. Animals with chylothorax secondary to a poten- Veterinary Medical Association 241, 904–909
tially treatable condition (e.g. mediastinal lymphoma) have a McAnulty JF (2011) Prospective comparison of cisterna chyli ablation to
better prognosis than those with, for example, diffuse pericardectomy for treatment of spontaneously occurring idiopathic chylothorax
in the dog. Veterinary Surgery 40, 926–934
carcinoma invading the TDS lymphatics. In truly idiopathic
Mellanby RJ, Villiers E and Herrtage ME (2002) Canine pleural and mediastinal
cases treated by thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy, e usions: a retrospective study of 81 cases. Journal of Small Animal Practice
chylothorax resolved in 10/10 dogs and 8/10 cats (Fossum 43, 447–451
et al., 2004). Neath PJ, Brockman DJ and King LG (2000) Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 22 cases
(1981–1999). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217, 1041–1044
Papsouliotis and Dewhurst E ( ) Body cavity e usions. In: BSAVA Manual
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References and further reading Radlinsky MG (2012) Thoracic cavity. In: Veterinary Surgery Small Animal, ed. K
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Birchard SJ, Smeak DD and Fossum TW (1988) Results of thoracic duct ligation Reetz JA, Caceres AV, Suran JN et al. (2013) Sensitivity, positive predictive
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Association 193, 68–71 bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 19 cases (2003–
Boothe HW, Howe LM, Boothe DM et al. (2010) Evaluation of outcomes in dogs 2012). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243, 244–251
treated for pyothorax: 46 cases (1983–2001). Journal of the American Veterinary Reichle JK and Wisner ER (2000) Non-cardiac thoracic ultrasound in 75 feline
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Bussadori R, Provera A, Martano M et al. (2011) Pleural omentalization with en Rooney MB and Monnet E (2002) Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in
bloc ligation of the thoracic duct and pericardectomy for idiopathic chylothorax dogs: 26 cases (1991–2001). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
in nine dogs and four cats. The Veterinary Journal 188, 234–236 Association 221, 86–92
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Demetriou JL, Foale RD, Ladlow J et al. (2002) Canine and feline pyothorax: a Veterinarian 25, 172–178
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Practice 43, 388–394 diagnosis, and treatment. Compendium on Continuing Education for the
Dempsey SM and Ewing PJ (2011) A review of the pathophysiology, Practicing Veterinarian 25, 180–193
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American Animal Hospital Association 47, 1–11 pleural e usion with pleuroperitoneal (Denver) shunts: 14 dogs (198 1999).
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Dewhurst E ( 16) Body cavity e usions. In: BSAVA Manual of Canine and
Feline Clinical Pathology, 3rd edn, ed. E Villiers and J Ristic, pp. 435–451. Staiger BA, Stanley BJ and McAnulty JF (2011) Single paracostal approach to
BSAVA Publications, Gloucester thoracic duct and cisterna chyli: experimental study and case series. Veterinary
Fossum TW and Birchard SJ (1986) Lymphangiographic evaluation of Surgery 40, 786–794
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Fossum TW, Evering WN, Miller MW et al. (199 ) Severe bilateral fibrosing (1982–1991). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202, 307–312
pleuritis associated with chronic chylothorax in five cats and two dogs. Journal Valtolina C and Adamantos S (2009) Evaluation of small-bore wire-guided chest
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Fossum TW, Jacobs RM and Birchard SJ (1986) Evaluation of cholesterol and
triglyceride concentrations in di erentiating chylous and nonchylous pleural Waddell LS, Brady CA and Drobatz KJ (2002) Risk factors, prognostic
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Fossum TW, Mertens MM, Miller MW et al. (2004) Thoracic duct ligation and Walker AL, Jang SS and Hirsch DC (2000) Bacteria associated with pyothorax of
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