Page 1192 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

1242 Small Animal Clinical Nutrition

Table 71-5. Caloric and nutrient content of vertebrate prey.
VetBooks.ir Water Energy (kcal/g)* Protein Fat NFE Calcium Phosphorus
Food items (g)
1.4
na
Atlantic herring (100) (%) (As fed) (DM) (% kcal) (% kcal) (% kcal) (mg/kcal) (mg/kcal)
69
58
3
39
1.8
5.7
Atlantic smelt (100) 77 1.0 4.3 63 31 6 3.2 4.4
Chick, day old (40) 73 1.3 4.8 52 44 4 2.7 2.0
Mouse, adult (27) 65 1.7 4.8 48 47 5 5.0 3.6
Mouse, pup (1.5) 81 0.8 4.2 57 40 3 3.8 3.7
Mouse, pup (4) 71 1.7 5.9 29 69 2 2.4 2.2
Rat, adult (330) 66 1.6 4.7 55 43 2 4.4 3.2
Key: NFE = nitrogen-free extract (digestible carbohydrate), DM = dry matter, na = not available.
*To convert to kJ, multiply kcal by 4.184.
Table 71-6. Representative energy and nutrient content of invertebrate prey.
Water Energy (kcal/g)* Protein Fat NFE Calcium Phosphorus
Food items (%) (As fed) (DM) (% kcal) (% kcal) (% kcal) (mg/kcal) (mg/kcal)
Acheta domestica
(commercial cricket) 62 1.9 4.8 50 44 6 0.2 2.6
Galleria mellonella
(wax worm larvae) 63 2.1 5.7 27 73 0 0.1 0.9
Gryllus domesticus
(house cricket) 68 1.0 3.1 40 54 6 0.3 2.7
Lumbricus terrestris
(earthworm) 84 0.5 3.1 73 13 14 Variable Variable
Musca domestica
(fly larvae) 70 1.5 4.9 48 44 8 0.1 na
Tenebrio molitor
(mealworm larvae) 58 2.1 5.0 37 60 3 0.1 1.2
Key: NFE = nitrogen-free extract (digestible carbohydrate), DM = dry matter, na = not available.
*To convert to kJ, multiply kcal by 4.184.

Table 71-7. Caloric and nutrient content of produce on a percent dry matter basis.
Food items Weight Water Energy (kcal/g)* Protein Fat NFE Fiber Calcium Phosphorus
(g) (%) (As fed) (DM)
Romaine lettuce 100 94 0.18 3.0 36 7 50 11 1.1 0.4
Spinach (raw) 100 91 0.26 2.9 36 3 48 7 1.0 0.6
Dandelion greens (raw) 100 86 0.44 3.1 18 5 61 11 1.2 0.4
Alfalfa sprouts (raw) 100 88 0.39 3.2 37 4 39 12 0.3 0.8
Bamboo shoots (canned, 1 cup) 133 94 0.18 3.0 28 1 51 13 0.2 0.2
Vegetables (mixed, frozen, 2/3 cup) 100 83 0.47 2.8 16 2 68 7 0.1 0.3
Mushrooms (raw, 10 small) 100 90 0.27 2.7 30 6 49 9 0.1 1.3
Sweet potato (1 large) 180 64 0.82 2.8 5 1 84 2 0.1 0.2
Apple (no skin, 1 medium) 128 84 0.51 3.2 1 2 86 4 tr tr
Banana (1 medium) 114 74 0.82 3.2 4 2 86 2 tr tr
Cantaloupe (1 cup) 160 90 0.32 3.2 8 2 79 4 0.1 0.2
Strawberries (1 cup) 149 92 0.28 3.5 6 4 77 6 0.2 0.2
Key: NFE = nitrogen-free extract (digestible carbohydrate), DM = dry matter, tr = trace.
*To convert to kJ, multiply kcal by 4.184.

Herbivorous reptiles consume less protein, but optimal ranges balanced” packages that contain all of the essential nutrients.
remain to be defined. Feeding trials in green iguanas suggested However, neonatal prey (e.g., pinkie [newborn] mice) that are
that dietary protein levels of about 28% DM are needed for fed to smaller carnivores and omnivores,may lack sufficient cal-
optimal growth (Donoghue, 1994, 1997). cium and fat-soluble vitamins (Douglas et al, 1994). In adult
prey, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are provided by
Other Nutrients bone, most trace minerals and vitamins by liver and kidneys,
Intake of nutrients varies with feeding habits. For large carniv- iodine by thyroid glands and zinc by the pancreas. The protein
orous reptiles, vertebrate prey are assumed to be “complete and quality is high. Calories are provided almost entirely by fat and