Page 301 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

306 Small Animal Clinical Nutrition

VetBooks.ir Table 16-8. Nutrient content of milk replacers compared with that of bitch’s milk/100 grams of milk, as fed*

Esbilac
Esbilac Nurturall Nurturall-C Just Born Just Born Goat’s Milk Goat’s Milk
Nutrients** Bitch’s Esbilac Reconstituted C Puppy Reconstituted Puppy Reconstituted Esbilac Reconstituted
milk Liquid Powder Liquid † Powder † Liquid † Powder † Liquid Powder
Manufacturer - PetAg PetAg VPL VPL Farnam Farnam PetAg PetAg
Dilution*** na na 1+2 na 1+2 na 1+2 na 1+2
Moisture (g) 77.3 84.9 na 80.1 85.7 80.1 85.7 84.2 -
Dry matter (g) 22.7 15.1 na 19.9 14.3 19.9 14.3 15.9 -
Crude protein (g) 7.5 5.1 6.2 7.6 4.5 7.6 4.5 4.7 6.12
Arginine (mg) 420 290 390 200 102 200 102 210 390
Lysine (mg) 380 370 470 na na na na 360 470
Fat (g) 9.5 6.4 7.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 6.2 7.5
Linoleic acid (g) 1.1 na 0.4 na na na na - 0.86
Carbohydrate
NFE (g) 3.8 2.9 2.7 6.4 4.3 6.4 4.3 2.9 2.7
Lactose (g) 3.3 na - na na na na - -
Crude fiber (g) na 0 0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0 0
Minerals
Total ash (g) 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3
Calcium (mg) 240 145 220 254 215 254 215 150 207
Phosphorus (mg) 180 110 178 221 186 221 186 - 149
Sodium (mg) 80 65 53 na na na na 110 94
Potassium (mg) 120 130 194 113 186 113 186 250 142
Magnesium (mg) 11 12 12.6 6.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 18 14.2
Copper (mg) 0.33 0.18 0.23 0.2 0.16 0.2 0.16 0.22 0.46
Iron (mg) 0.70 0.60 0.82 2.70 2.17 2.7 2.17 1.90 0.83
Energy
ME (kcal) 146 82 95 86 68 86 68 82 94.7
ME (kJ) 610 343 396 358 285 358 285 343 396
Osmolarity (mOsm/kg,
H 0±SD) 568.7±41.2 na - na na na na na -
2
Nutrient content of milk replacers compared with that of bitch’s milk/100 kcal metabolizable energy ††
Protein (g) 5.20 6.21 6.56 8.89 6.63 8.89 6.63 5.70 6.46
Arginine (mg) 288 354 411 234 149 234 149 256 412
Lysine (mg) 260 451 495 na na na na 439 496
Fat (g) 6.40 7.78 7.92 5.03 6.41 5.03 6.41 7.55 7.94
Linoleic acid (g) 0.76 na 0.43 na na na na na 0.91
Carbohydrate
NFE (g) 2.60 3.51 2.80 7.49 6.29 7.49 6.29 3.51 2.81
Lactose (g) 2.3 na na na na na na na na
Crude fiber (g) na 0 0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0 0
Minerals
Total ash (g) 0.82 0.98 1.32 1.75 1.62 1.75 1.62 1.46 1.38
Calcium (mg) 164 177 232 297 314 297 314 183 219
Phosphorus (mg) 123 134 187 258 272 258 272 0 157
Sodium (mg) 55 79 56 na na na na 134 99
Potassium (mg) 82 159 204 132 272 132 272 305 150
Magnesium (mg) 7.5 14.6 13.3 7.6 10.2 7.6 10.2 22.0 15.0
Copper (mg) 0.23 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.49
Iron (mg) 0.48 0.73 0.86 3.16 3.18 3.16 3.18 2.32 0.88
Key: na = not applicable/available, NFE = nitrogen-free extract, ME = metabolizable energy, mOsm = milliosmoles.
*Manufacturers’ data; nutrient content for reconstituted powdered products are manufacturers’ calculations based on the recommended dilution. Nutrient
data per 100 ml would be reduced slightly (between 1 to 2%) because the specific gravity of milk is greater than that of water.
**g/100 g = %.
***The first number is the milk powder, the second the water (e.g., 1+2 = one part of powder plus two parts of water).
† Nutrients in liquid and powder forms are averages from the yearly laboratory analyses of composite samples from 2004 to date.
†† The nutrient levels per 100 kcal ME were calculated from the nutrient and energy levels in the top portion of the table.

Competition in large litters may prevent smaller, weaker mia and dehydration.
puppies from nursing and predispose them to dehydration and It may be necessary to alter the feeding method when man-
hypoglycemia. Partial orphan rearing of the entire litter should aging orphaned puppies, especially if they are hand reared.
be done in these cases (see below). Partial orphan rearing allows Evaluation of the current feeding method with knowledge of
the puppies to stay with the dam in their normal environment growth demands will facilitate this part of feeding plan devel-
and permits proper socialization. opment. Orphaned puppies and those too weak to nurse are
Puppies that fail to thrive when receiving bitch’s milk should candidates for fostering, partial orphan rearing or hand feeding.
be fed immediately via partial or total orphan feeding tech- The caregiver for orphans should provide the level of care pro-
niques (see below) to avoid the risk of hypoglycemia, hypother- vided by the bitch; good husbandry is essential.