Page 803 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

Chapter
39

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Canine Purine Urolithiasis:

Causes, Detection,

Management and Prevention

Carl A. Osborne
Joseph W. Bartges
Jody P. Lulich
Hasan Albasan

Carroll Weiss

“We should provide the type of medical care that we would desire
if we were the patient rather than the doctor.”
Carl A. Osborne

lyzed at the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to 2006
TERMINOLOGY (Table 38-9). Most dogs with xanthine uroliths had a history
of treatment with allopurinol. Purines composed 23% of
Purines are catabolites derived from DNA and RNA. They uroliths retrieved from dogs less than 12 months old. The
include adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, anhydrous mean age of dogs at the time of ammonium urate urolith
uric acid, uric acid monohydrate, uric acid dihydrate, salts of retrieval was approximately four years (range one month to 17
uric acid (e.g., ammonium urate, sodium urate, calcium sodium years). The mean age of dogs at the time of sodium urate and
urate) and in most mammals, allantoin. Each of these catabo- calcium urate urolith retrieval was also approximately four
lites may behave differently. years (range six months to 14 years). The mean age of dogs at
the time of uric acid urolith retrieval was three years (range
one month to 12 years).The mean age at the time of xanthine
PREVALENCE AND MINERAL urolith retrieval was approximately five years (range one and
COMPOSITION one-half to nine years). Males were affected more often than
females with ammonium urate (90 vs. 10%), sodium and cal-
Purine uroliths (ammonium urate, sodium urate, calcium cium urate (99 vs. 1%), uric acid (88 vs. 12%) and xanthine (81
urate, uric acid, xanthine, etc.) accounted for 6.4% (22,412 of vs. 19%) uroliths.
350,803) of all canine uroliths submitted to the Minnesota In our series, 66 different breeds were affected with ammo-
Urolith Center from 1981 to 2007 (Table 38-8), and 4.97% nium urate uroliths including Dalmatians (61%), miniature
(2,020 of 40,612) of all canine uroliths analyzed in 2007. schnauzers (7%), Yorkshire terriers (5%), Shih Tzus (4%) and
Purines accounted for 13.3% of all upper tract uroliths ana- English bulldogs (4%).Twelve different breeds had sodium and