Page 938 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

970 Small Animal Clinical Nutrition

revealed a pH of 6.0 and no crystalluria. After approximately three weeks of calculolytic therapy, the food was changed to a com-
VetBooks.ir mercial veterinary therapeutic food that has lower energy density, decreased fat, increased fiber, reduced magnesium concentration
a
and that produces a normal acidic urine (Prescription Diet w/d Feline ).Therapeutic goals were to: 1) promote formation of acidic
urine (pH 6.2 to 6.4) at approximately four to eight hours after feeding, 2) reduce or eliminate struvite crystalluria and 3) promote
gradual weight reduction. Therapeutic efficacy was monitored by serial urinalyses and physical examinations. Over the next sever-
al months the cat lost approximately 1.2 kg and remained free of signs of lower urinary tract disease. The quantity of food was
adjusted to maintain a stable body weight of 5 kg.

Endnote
a. Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, USA.

Bibliography
Bass M, Howard J, Gerber B, et al. Retrospective study of indications for and outcome of perineal urethrostomy in cats. Journal of
Small Animal Practice 2005; 46: 227-231.
Corgozinho KB, de Souza HJ, Pereira AN, et al. Catheter-induced urethral trauma in cats with urethral obstruction. Journal of
Feline Medicine and Surgery 2007; 9: 481-486.
Gerber B, Boretti FS, Kley S, et al. Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats. Journal
of Small Animal Practice 2005; 46: 571-577.
Kruger JM, Osborne CA, Goyal SM, et al. Clinical evaluation of cats with lower urinary tract disease. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association 1991; 199: 211-216.
Osborne CA, Caywood DD, Johnston GR, et al. Perineal urethrostomy versus dietary management in prevention of lower urinary
tract disease. Journal of Small Animal Practice 1991; 32: 296-305.
Osborne CA, Kruger JM, Lulich JP. Feline matrix-crystalline urethral plugs: A unifying hypothesis of causes. Journal of Small
Animal Practice 1992; 33: 172-177.

CASE 46-2

Recurrent Urolithiasis in a Himalayan Cat
S. Dru Forrester, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine)
Scientific Affairs
Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.
Topeka, Kansas, USA

Timothy A. Allen, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine)
Lawrence, Kansas, USA

Carl A. Osborne, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine)
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Minnesota
St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

Patient Assessment
A five-year-old, neutered male Himalayan cat was examined for a six-week history of pollakiuria, stranguria, gross hematuria and
licking the perineal area. Multiple urocystoliths (bladder uroliths) had been removed one year earlier. The uroliths had been given
to the owner at that time and were not submitted for analysis. The current clinical signs had not improved after treatment with an
oral antimicrobial agent (sulfadiazine/trimethoprim).
Physical examination revealed a thin 3-kg cat (body condition score [BCS] 2/5) with a small and painful urinary bladder and
erythematous penile mucosa. Evaluation of these problems included a complete blood count (normal), serum biochemistry profile
(normal), urinalysis (red color, proteinuria, hematuria, pH = 6.5, no crystals visualized), aerobic urine culture (negative) and abdom-
inal radiographs. Multiple radiodense uroliths (3 mm diameter) with rough edges were found in the urinary bladder. The owner
had uroliths that had been previously removed, which were submitted for quantitative analysis. Results revealed the uroliths were
composed of 100% calcium oxalate (monohydrate and dihydrate).