Page 616 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition
P. 616
638 Small Animal Clinical Nutrition
Table 32-1. Key nutritional factors for foods and supplements for dogs and cats with nutrient-responsive dermatoses.
VetBooks.ir Factors Associated conditions Nutritional recommendations
Protein and fat
Keratinization abnormalities
Adult maintenance
Loss of normal hair color Avoid protein and energy deficiency
Secondary bacterial or yeast infection Dogs: Protein = 25 to 30% dry matter (DM)
Impaired wound healing Fat = 10 to 15% DM
Decubital ulcers Cats: Protein = 30 to 45% DM
Telogen defluxion Fat = 10 to 15% DM
Anagen defluxion Growth/lactation
Dogs: Protein = 30 to 35% DM
Fat = 15 to 30% DM
Cats: Protein = 35 to 50% DM
Fat = 20 to 35% DM
Phenylalanine + tyrosine >1.3% DM
Use a food with DM digestibility >80%
Essential fatty Excessive scales (seborrhea sicca) Avoid fatty acid deficiency
acids (EFA) Alopecia Dogs: Linoleic acid >1.0% DM
Dry, dull coat Cats: Linoleic acid >0.5% DM
Lack of normal hair growth Some dogs and cats respond to levels in excess of those listed above
Erythroderma Provide adequate levels and availability of zinc, B-complex
Interdigital exudation vitamins and vitamin E to ensure adequate use of EFA
Zinc Alopecia Avoid zinc deficiency
Skin ulceration Dogs: 100 to 200 mg/kg food DM
Dermatitis Cats: 50 to 150 mg/kg food DM
Paronychia Avoid excess calcium
Footpad disease Higher levels of zinc are required in foods with calcium >1.5% DM
Slow hair growth Avoid excess copper (copper <200 mg/kg food DM)
Buccal margin ulceration Avoid EFA deficiency (see above)
Hyperkeratotic plaques Zinc supplementation (Do not give with food)
Secondary bacterial or yeast infection Zinc sulfate: 10 mg/kg body weight/day per os
10 to 15 mg/kg body weight/week IV
Zinc methionine: 2 mg/kg body weight/day
Copper Loss of normal color Avoid copper deficiency
Dull or rough coat Dogs: >5 to 10 mg/kg food DM
Reduced density of hair Cats: >15 mg/kg food DM
Alopecia Avoid excess zinc (zinc <1,000 mg/kg food DM)
Avoid ingredients that have low copper availability
Copper oxide
Liver from simple-stomached mammals
Avoid excess calcium
Higher levels of copper are required in foods with
calcium >1.5% DM
Vitamin A Seborrheic skin disease Treatment with retinoids (Table 32-5):
(mainly cocker spaniel breed) Vitamin A alcohol
Keratinization disorders 625 to 1,000 U/kg body weight, q24h, per os
Chin acne 10,000 U q24h, per os (cocker spaniel, miniature schnauzer)
Nasodigital hyperkeratosis 50,000 U q24h, per os (Labrador retriever)
Ear margin seborrhea/dermatosis Tretinoin
Callus Apply topically q12 to 24h
Actinic keratosis Isotretinoin
Cutaneous neoplasms 1 to 3 mg/kg body weight, q24h, per os
Schnauzer comedo syndrome Acitretin
Sebaceous adenitis 0.75 to 1.0 mg/kg body weight, q24h, per os
Lamellar ichthyosis
Vitamin E Discoid lupus erythematosus Treatment with vitamin E:
Systemic lupus erythematosus Dogs: 200 to 800 IU twice daily, per os
Pemphigus erythematosus
Sterile panniculitis
Acanthosis nigricans
Dermatomyositis
Ear margin vasculitis
hair color) is an important part of the historical information
NUTRIENT-DEFICIENT DERMATOSES that should be obtained for patients with dermatologic prob-
lems, especially those with possible nutritional disorders (Table
Patient Assessment 32-2). Both dogs and cats develop nutritionally related skin and
History hair disorders, although certain conditions such as zinc-respon-
The signalment (species,breed,age,gender,reproductive status, sive dermatoses are best characterized in dogs.
