Page 739 - Small Animal Clinical Nutrition 5th Edition

Chronic Kidney Disease 767

VetBooks.ir Table 37-2. Kidney diseases suspected or confirmed to be inherited in dogs and cats. Feline breeds
Canine breeds
Kidney disease
Amyloidosis
Rottweiler
Atrophic glomerulopathy Beagle, collie, foxhound, Chinese Shar-Pei, Walker hound Abyssinian, Siamese, Oriental
–
Fanconi syndrome Basenji, border terrier, miniature schnauzer, Norwegian elkhound, –
Shetland sheepdog
Glomerulonephropathy Beagle, Bernese mountain dog, bull mastiff, Dalmatian, –
Doberman pinscher, soft-coated wheaten terrier
Glomerulosclerosis Newfoundland –
Hereditary nephritis Bull terrier, English cocker spaniel, Samoyed –
Medullary cystic disease Miniature schnauzer –
Polycystic kidney disease Beagle, cairn terrier, collie, foxhound, miniature poodle Domestic longhair cat, Himalayan,
Persian
Primary renal glucosuria Norwegian elkhound, Scottish terrier –
Renal cystadenocarcinoma German shepherd dog –
Renal dysplasia Alaskan malamute, beagle, boxer, bulldog, cavalier Persian
King Charles spaniel, chow chow, cocker spaniel,
Dutch kookier, Great Dane, Great Pyrenees, golden retriever,
Irish wolfhound, keeshond, Lhasa apso, Samoyed, Shih Tzu,
soft-coated wheaten terrier, standard poodle, Yorkshire terrier
Renal telangiectasia Pembroke Welsh corgi –
Tubulointerstitial nephropathy Norwegian elkhound –
Unilateral renal agenesis Beagle, Doberman pinscher Domestic shorthair cat, Himalayan

nephropathy; however, juvenile kidney disease may be due to and bull terriers. Affected male Samoyed dogs with X-linked
non-genetic causes.The specific term juvenile nephropathy has hereditary nephritis have splitting of glomerular basement
been used to describe disorganized nephrogenesis including membranes and develop overt CKD within the first year of life
kidney failure in young dogs.The term renal dysplasia describes (Valli et al, 1991; Grodecki et al, 1997).The underlying inborn
abnormal differentiation of the kidneys. Specific histologic error is a defect in the formation of Type IV collagen. Carrier
findings in renal dysplasia include fetal glomeruli, atypical females with X-linked nephritis have isolated splitting of
tubular epithelia and persistent mesenchyme. Although renal glomerular basement membranes although advanced CKD is
dysplasia occurs most often as an inherited disorder, it can also not observed until later in life (Valli et al, 1991). In English
be an isolated congenital abnormality that is not inherited. cocker spaniels, a Type IV collagen defect is transmitted as an
Juvenile nephropathy has been reported to occur in Alaskan autosomal recessive trait (Davidson et al, 2007). Proteinuria is
malamutes, boxers and golden retrievers. Both males and the initial finding and affected dogs typically die of terminal
females were affected. The lesions included moderate to severe CKD between six and 24 months of age (Nash, 1989). Light
interstitial fibrosis and mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic microscopic renal lesions are mild and nonspecific but distinc-
interstitial inflammation. Mild to moderate tubular dilatation tive electron microscopic changes are observed in the glomeru-
and atrophy were also present. Cystic glomerular atrophy and lar basement membrane (Lees et al, 1998). The defect in bull
periglomerular fibrosis were prominent findings in most dogs terriers appears to be an autosomal dominant disorder (Hood
(de Morais and DiBartola, 1995; de Morias et al, 1996; and Savige, 1995). The rate of progression in bull terriers is
Chandler et al, 2007). quite variable with dogs dying of terminal CKD from a few
Familial disorders resulting in CKD have been documented months to 10 years of age. Hematuria is observed in many
or suspected to occur in a number of breeds (Table 37-2) (Lees, affected bull terriers.
1996). Familial nephropathies should be suspected when CKD Two distinct familial nephropathies have been reported to
is diagnosed in related pets with a higher frequency than would occur in soft-coated wheaten terriers (Littman et al, 2000;
be expected by chance and there is no apparent underlying Ericksen and Grondalen, 1984). One nephropathy is a form of
cause. Age of cats and dogs with familial nephropathies at pres- renal dysplasia. Kidneys from affected dogs are small, irregular
entation often is less than that of most pets presenting with and fibrous. Glomeruli are small and hypercellular and there are
CKD. In some familial nephropathies, the kidneys are seem- increased numbers of fetal glomeruli. The second form of
ingly normal at birth but because of an inborn metabolic defect, nephropathy in soft-coated wheaten terriers is characterized by
progressive structural and functional deterioration develops in protein-losing enteropathy and concomitant nephropathy.
the first few years of life. The term hereditary nephropathy is Although a genetic basis for this syndrome has not been
reserved for conditions in which an inherited basis has been proven, dogs become symptomatic between two and five years
documented by pedigree analysis or test breeding. of age. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, glomeru-
Hereditary nephropathy has been reported to occur in sever- losclerosis, or both, are present microscopically.
al breeds of dogs including Samoyeds, English cocker spaniels Renal amyloidosis has been recognized in related dogs of two