Page 1027 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

7. Prevention of viral and bacterial pneumonia

includes immunization of infants and children with
heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (see
Chapter 18).

B. Viral pneumonia

1. Assessment
a. Acute or insidious onset
b. Symptoms range from mild fever, slight
cough, and malaise to high fever,
severe cough, and diaphoresis.
c. Nonproductive or productive cough of
small amounts of whitish sputum
d. Wheezes or fine crackles
2. Interventions
a. Treatment is symptomatic.
b. Administer oxygen with cool
humidified air as prescribed.
c. Increase fluid intake.
d. Administer antipyretics for fever as
prescribed.
e. Administer chest physiotherapy and
postural drainage as prescribed.
C. Primary atypical pneumonia
1. Assessment
a. Acute or insidious onset
b. Fever (lasting several days to 2 weeks),
chills, anorexia, headache, malaise, and
myalgia (muscle pain)
c. Rhinitis; sore throat; and dry, hacking
cough
d. Nonproductive cough initially,
progressing to production of
seromucoid sputum that becomes
mucopurulent or blood-streaked
2. Interventions
a. Treatment is symptomatic.
b. Recovery generally occurs in 7 to 10
days.

D. Bacterial pneumonia

1. Assessment
a. Acute onset
b. Infant: Irritability, lethargy, poor
feeding; abrupt fever (may be
accompanied by seizures); respiratory

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