Page 1057 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

CHAPTER 36

Cardiovascular Problems

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Priority Concepts
Gas Exchange; Perfusion

I. Hyperlipidemia
A. Description
1. A condition in which there are high levels of lipids
circulating in the blood, which can predispose a child
to heart disease.
2. Laboratory values for lipids for individuals aged 2 to
19 years are as follows:
a. Total cholesterol: less than 170 mg/dL
(4.25 mmol/L) is acceptable, 170 to 199
mg/dL (4.25 to 4.9 mmol/L) is
borderline, 200 mg/dL (5 mmol/L) or
greater is high.
b. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:
less than 110 mg/dL (2.75 mmol/L) is
acceptable, 110 to 129 mg/dL (2.75 to
3.22 mmol/L) is borderline, 130 mg/dL
(3.25 mmol/L) or greater is high.
c. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol:
greater than 45 mg/dL (1.12 mmol/L) is
acceptable, 40 to 45 mg/dL (1.0 to 1.12
mmol/L) is borderline, less than 40
mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) is low.
d. Triglycerides: less than 100 mg/dL (1.14
mmol/L) for 9 years and younger is
acceptable; less than 130 mg/dL (1.48
mmol/L) for 10 years and older is
acceptable.
e. Any person with hyperlipidemia as a
child is likely to have the condition
later in life, and it predisposes them to
cardiac events.
f. Referral to a specialist (cardiology)
should be made if there is an elevation
in any of the above values.

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