Page 1409 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

edema.
c. Sudden loss of vision results from
retinal detachment.
d. Cataracts result from lens opacity.
3. Interventions
a. Maintain safety.

b. Early prevention via the control

of hypertension and blood glucose
levels
c. Photocoagulation (laser therapy) may
be done to remove hemorrhagic tissue
to decrease scarring and prevent
progression of the disease process.
d. Vitrectomy may be done to remove
vitreous hemorrhages and thus
decrease tension on the retina,
preventing detachment.
e. Cataract removal with lens
implantation improves vision.

B. Diabetic nephropathy

1. Description: Progressive decrease in kidney function
2. Assessment
a. Microalbuminuria
b. Thirst
c. Fatigue
d. Anemia
e. Weight loss
f. Signs of malnutrition
g. Frequent urinary tract infections
h. Signs of a neurogenic bladder
3. Interventions
a. Early prevention measures include the
control of hypertension and blood
glucose levels.
b. Assess vital signs.
c. Monitor intake and output.
d. Monitor the blood urea nitrogen,
creatinine, and urine albumin levels.
e. Restrict dietary protein, sodium, and
potassium intake as prescribed.
f. Avoid nephrotoxic medications.
g. Prepare the client for dialysis
procedures if planned.
h. Prepare the client for kidney transplant
if planned.

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