Page 1506 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

1. High mortality rate in pregnant women
2. Fetal demise

G. Prevention

1. Strict hand washing
2. Treatment of water supplies and sanitation measures

XXI. Client and Family Home Care Instructions for Hepatitis: See Box

48-10
XXII. Pancreatitis
A. Description
1. Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, with
associated escape of pancreatic enzymes into
surrounding tissue
2. Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly as 1 attack or can
be recurrent, with resolutions.
3. Chronic pancreatitis is a continual inflammation and
destruction of the pancreas, with scar tissue replacing
pancreatic tissue.
4. Precipitating factors include trauma, the use of
alcohol, biliary tract disease, viral or bacterial disease,
hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia, cholelithiasis,
hyperparathyroidism, ischemic vascular disease, and
peptic ulcer disease.
B. Acute pancreatitis

1. Assessment

a. Abdominal pain, including a sudden
onset at a midepigastric or left upper
quadrant location with radiation to the
back
b. Pain aggravated by a fatty meal,
alcohol, or lying in a recumbent
position
c. Abdominal tenderness and guarding
d. Nausea and vomiting
e. Weight loss
f. Absent or decreased bowel sounds
g. Elevated white blood cell count and
elevated glucose, bilirubin, alkaline
phosphatase, and urinary amylase
levels
h. Elevated serum lipase and amylase
levels
i. Cullen’s sign
j. Turner’s sign

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