Page 1728 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

89 mm Hg.
4. Hypertension (Stage 2) is defined as a SBP at least
140 mm Hg or a diastolic BP at least 90 mm Hg.
5. If either the SBP or DBP is outside of a range, the
higher measurement will determine the classification.
6. Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary,
cerebral, renal, and peripheral vascular disease.
7. The disease is initially asymptomatic.
8. The goals of treatment include reduction of the BP and
preventing or lessening the extent of organ damage.
9. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as lifestyle
changes, may be prescribed initially; if the BP cannot
be decreased after 1 to 3 months, the client may
require pharmacological treatment.
B. Primary or essential hypertension

1. Risk factors

a. Aging
b. Family history
c. African American race
d. Obesity
e. Smoking
f. Stress
g. Excessive alcohol
h. Hyperlipidemia
i. Increased intake of salt or caffeine
C. Secondary hypertension
1. Secondary hypertension occurs as a result of other
disorders or conditions.
2. Treatment depends on the cause and the organs
involved.
3. Precipitating disorders or conditions
a. Cardiovascular disorders
b. Renal disorders
c. Endocrine system disorders
d. Pregnancy
e. Medications (e.g., estrogens,
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids)

D. Assessment

1. May be asymptomatic
2. Headache
3. Visual disturbances
4. Dizziness
5. Chest pain
6. Tinnitus
7. Flushed face

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