Page 1835 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

j. Teach the client to maintain a low-
sodium diet.
k. Teach the client to avoid over-the-
counter medications without checking
with the PHCP.
9. Hypocalcemia
a. Results from a high phosphorus level
and the inability of the diseased
kidney to activate vitamin D
b. The absence of vitamin D causes poor
calcium absorption from the intestinal
tract.
c. Monitor the serum calcium level.
d. Administer calcium supplements as
prescribed.
e. Administer activated vitamin D as
prescribed.
f. See Chapter 11 for a list of foods that are
high in calcium.
10. Hypovolemia
a. Monitor the vital signs for

hypotension and tachycardia.
b. Monitor for decreasing intake and
output and a reduction in the daily
weight.
c. Monitor for dehydration.

d. Monitor electrolyte levels.

e. Provide replacement therapy based on
the serum electrolyte level values.
11. Infection
a. The client is at risk for infection caused
by a suppressed immune system,
dialysis access site, and possible
malnutrition.
b. Monitor for signs of infection.

c. Avoid urinary catheters when

possible; if used, provide catheter care
per protocol.
d. Provide strict asepsis during urinary
catheter insertion and other invasive
procedures.
e. Instruct the client to avoid fatigue and
avoid persons with infections.
f. Administer antibiotics as prescribed,

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