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diet.
7. Provide warm, moist compresses to the flank area to
help relieve pain.
8. Encourage the client to take warm baths for pain relief.
9. Administer analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics,
urinary antiseptics, and antiemetics as prescribed.
10. Monitor for signs of AKI or CKD.
11. Encourage follow-up urine culture.

XVI. Glomerulonephritis: Refer to Chapter 37

XVII. Nephrotic Syndrome: Refer to Chapter 37
XVIII. Polycystic Kidney Disease
A. Description
1. Cyst formation and hypertrophy of the kidneys, which
leads to cystic rupture, infection, formation of scar
tissue, and damaged nephrons
2. There is no specific treatment to arrest the progress of
the destructive cysts.

3. The ultimate result of this disease is CKD.

B. Types
1. Infantile polycystic disease: An inherited autosomal
recessive trait that results in the death of the infant
within a few months after birth
2. Adult polycystic disease: An autosomal dominant trait
that manifests between 30 and 40 years of age and
results in end-stage kidney disease.
C. Assessment
1. Often asymptomatic until the age of 30 to 40 years
2. Flank, lumbar, or abdominal pain that worsens with
activity and is relieved when lying down
3. Fever and chills
4. Recurrent UTIs
5. Hematuria, proteinuria, pyuria
6. Calculi
7. Hypertension
8. Palpable abdominal masses and enlarged kidneys
9. Increased abdominal girth

D. Interventions

1. Monitor for gross hematuria, which indicates cyst
rupture.
2. Increase sodium and water intake because sodium loss
rather than retention occurs.
3. Provide bed rest if ruptured cysts and bleeding occur.
4. Monitor pain, teach use of pain medications (avoid
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] and

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