Page 2021 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

MRI. In most facilities, the type of stroke needs to be
determined within a certain time frame after arrival in
order for timely treatment to be initiated.
5. Transient ischemic attack may be a warning sign of an
impending stroke.
6. The permanent disability cannot be determined until
the cerebral edema subsides.
7. The order in which function may return is facial,
swallowing, lower limbs, speech, and arms.
8. Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical intervention used
in stroke management; it is targeted at stroke
prevention, especially in clients with symptomatic
carotid stenosis.
9. The National Institutes of Health through the National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(NINDS) developed the Know Stroke: Know the Signs.
Act in Time campaign devised to help educate the
public about the symptoms of stroke and the
importance of getting to the hospital quickly
(http://stroke.nih.gov).
B. Causes (Box 58-14)
1. Thrombosis
2. Embolism
3. Thrombotic and embolic strokes are classified as
ischemic strokes.
4. Hemorrhage from rupture of a vessel; classified as a
hemorrhagic stroke

5. Manifestations of different types of stroke are

similar and, therefore it is critical to determine the
type of stroke occurring; the type cannot be
determined solely based on manifestations, and the
correct and appropriate treatment for the stroke type
must be initiated.

C. Risk factors

1. Atherosclerosis
2. Hypertension
3. Anticoagulation therapy
4. Diabetes mellitus
5. Stress
6. Obesity
7. Oral contraceptives

D. Assessment (Fig. 58-2; Boxes 58-14 and 58-15)

2021