Page 2099 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

CHAPTER 60

Musculoskeletal Problems

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Priority Concepts
Functional Ability; Mobility

I. Anatomy and Physiology
A. Skeleton
1. Axial portion
a. Cranium
b. Vertebrae
c. Ribs
2. Appendicular portion
a. Limbs
b. Shoulders
c. Hips
B. Types of bones: Long, short, flat, irregular
1. Spongy bone
a. Spongy bone is located in the ends of
long bones and the center of flat and
irregular bones.
b. Spongy bone can withstand forces
applied in many directions.
2. Dense (compact) bone
a. Dense bone covers spongy bone.
b. Forms a cylinder around a central
marrow cavity
c. Better able to withstand longitudinal
forces than horizontal forces
3. Characteristics of bones
a. Support and protect structures of the
body
b. Provide attachments for muscles,
tendons, and ligaments
c. Contain tissue in the central cavities,
which aids in the formation of blood
cells
d. Assist in regulating calcium and
phosphate concentrations
4. Bone growth

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