Page 2111 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

compromise occurs.

VI. Complications of Fractures (Box 60-3)

A. Fat embolism (see Priority Nursing Actions)

Priority Nursing Actions

Fat Embolism in a Client Following a Fracture
1. Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP).
2. Administer oxygen.
3. Administer intravenous (IV) fluids as prescribed.
4. Monitor vital signs and respiratory status.
5. Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation if necessary as indicated by
arterial blood gas values.
6. Follow up on results of diagnostic tests such as chest x-ray or computed
tomography (CT) scan.
7. Document the event, actions taken, and the client’s response.

Reference

Ignatavicius, Workman, Rebar (2018), p. 1034.

B. Pulmonary embolism
1. Description: Pulmonary embolism is caused by the
movement of foreign particles (blood clot, fat, or air)
into the pulmonary circulation.
2. Assessment
a. Restlessness and apprehension
b. Sudden onset of dyspnea and chest
pain
c. Cough, hemoptysis, hypoxemia, or
crackles
3. Interventions
a. Notify the PHCP immediately if signs
of emboli are present.
b. Administer oxygen and other
prescriptions; intravenous (IV)
anticoagulant therapy may be
prescribed.
C. Compartment syndrome
1. Description
a. Tough fascia surrounds muscle groups,
forming compartments from which
arteries, veins, and nerves enter and
exit at opposite ends.
b. Compartment syndrome occurs when
pressure increases within 1 or more
compartments, leading to decreased
blood flow, tissue ischemia, and

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