Page 2174 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

1. Cutaneous: Natural latex gloves and latex balloons
2. Percutaneous and parenteral: Intravenous lines and
catheters; hemodialysis equipment
3. Mucosal: Use of latex condoms, catheters, airways,
and nipples
4. Aerosol: Aerosolization of powder from latex gloves
can occur when gloves are dispensed from the box or
when gloves are removed from the hands.

C. At-risk individuals

1. Health care workers
2. Individuals who work in the rubber industry
3. Individuals having multiple surgeries
4. Individuals with spina bifida
5. Individuals who wear gloves frequently, such as food
handlers, hairdressers, and auto mechanics
6. Individuals allergic to kiwis, bananas, pineapples,
tropical fruits, grapes, avocados, potatoes, hazelnuts,
and water chestnuts

D. Assessment

1. Anaphylaxis or type 1 hypersensitivity is a response to
natural rubber latex (Fig. 62-4; also see Fig. 62-3).
2. A delayed type 4 hypersensitivity reaction can occur;
symptoms of contact dermatitis include pruritus,
edema, erythema, vesicles, papules, and crusting and
thickening of the skin and can occur within 6 to 48
hours following exposure.

E. Interventions (Box 62-2)

IX. Immunodeficiency
A. Description

1. Immunodeficiency is the absence or

inadequate production of immune bodies.
2. The disorder can be congenital (primary) or acquired
(secondary).
3. Treatment depends on the inadequacy of immune
bodies and its primary cause.
B. Assessment
1. Factors that decrease immune function
2. Frequent infections
3. Nutritional status
4. Medication history, such as use of corticosteroids for
long periods
5. History of alcohol or drug abuse

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