Page 2267 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

e. Echolalia: Pathological repeating of
another’s words
f. Distorted perception of the environment
g. Neologisms: Made-up words that have
meaning only to the client
h. Magical thinking
i. Inability to conceptualize meaning in
words or thoughts
j. Inability to organize facts logically
k. Delusions associated with thought
processes or content

8. Types of delusions (Box 65-11)

a. Loss of reference, in which the client
believes that certain events, situations,
or interactions are related directly to
self
b. Delusions of persecution, in which the
client believes that she or he is being
harassed, threatened, or persecuted by
some powerful force
c. Delusions of grandeur, in which the
client attaches special significance to
self in relation to others or the universe
and has an exaggerated sense of self
that has no basis in reality
d. Somatic delusions, in which the client
believes that her or his body is
changing or responding in an unusual
way, which has no basis in reality
9. Perceptual distortions
a. Illusions, which may be brief
experiences with a misinterpretation or
misperception of reality
b. Hallucinations (5 senses) with no basis
in reality (Box 65-12), such as
perceiving objects, sensations, or
images
10. Language and communication disturbances (Box 65-
13)
a. Related to disorders in thought process
b. Inability to organize language
c. Difficulty communicating clearly
d. Inappropriate responses to a situation
e. A single word or phrase may represent
the whole meaning of the conversation
such that the client may feel that she or
he has communicated adequately.

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