Page 2401 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

external jugular veins.
b. If the bag of intravenous solution (the
TPN) is empty and the nurse is waiting
for the delivery of a new bag of
solution from the pharmacy, a 10%
dextrose in water solution should be
infused at the prescribed rate to
prevent hypoglycemia; the prescribed
solution should be obtained as soon as
possible.

The delivery of hypertonic solutions into

peripheral veins can cause sclerosis, phlebitis, or
swelling. Monitor closely for these complications.
6. Components of parenteral nutrition
a. Carbohydrates: The strength of the
dextrose solution depends on the
client’s nutritional needs, the route of
administration (central or peripheral),
and agency protocols; carbohydrates
typically provide 60% to 70% of calorie
(energy) needs.
b. Amino acids (protein): Concentrations
range from 3.5% to 20%. Lower
concentrations are most commonly
used for peripheral vein
administration, and higher
concentrations are most often
administered through a central vein;
about 15% to 20% of total energy needs
should come from protein.

7. Fat emulsion (lipids)

a. Lipids provide up to 30% of calorie
(energy) needs.
b. Lipids provide nonprotein calories and
prevent or correct fatty acid deficiency.
c. Lipid solutions are isotonic and
therefore can be administered through
a peripheral or central vein; the
solution may be administered through
a separate IV line below the filter of the
main IV administration set by a Y-
connector, or as an admixture to the
PN solution (3-in-1 admixture
consisting of dextrose, amino acids,

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