Page 253 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium overdose.

1. Diuretics are prescribed to increase renal excretion of
magnesium.
2. Intravenously administered calcium chloride

or calcium gluconate may be prescribed to reverse the
effects of magnesium on cardiac muscle.
3. Instruct the client to restrict dietary intake of
magnesium-containing foods (see Box 11-2).

4. Instruct the client to avoid the use of laxatives

and antacids containing magnesium.
XIII. Hypophosphatemia
A. Description
1. Hypophosphatemia is a serum phosphorus
(phosphate) level lower than 3.0 mg/dL
(0.97 mmol/L).

2. A decrease in the serum phosphorus level is

accompanied by an increase in the serum calcium
level.
B. Causes

1. Insufficient phosphorus intake: Malnutrition and
starvation
2. Increased phosphorus excretion
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Malignancy
c. Use of magnesium-based or aluminum
hydroxide–based antacids
3. Intracellular shift
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Respiratory alkalosis

C. Assessment

1. Cardiovascular
a. Decreased contractility and cardiac
output
b. Slowed peripheral pulses
2. Respiratory: Shallow respirations
3. Neuromuscular
a. Weakness
b. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
c. Decreased bone density that can cause
fractures and alterations in bone shape

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