Page 371 - Saunders Comprehensive Review For NCLEX-RN

constriction.
c. Decreasing light causes pupillary
dilation.
d. Constriction of both pupils is a normal
response to direct light. Constriction of
the pupil in which the light is being
shone is considered reaction to direct
light, and constriction of the pupil in
which the light is not being shone is
considered reaction to consensual
light.
11. Sclera and cornea
a. Normal sclera color is white.
b. A yellow color to the sclera may
indicate jaundice or systemic
problems.
c. In a dark-skinned person, the sclera
may normally appear yellow;
pigmented dots may be present.
d. The cornea is transparent, smooth,
shiny, and bright.
e. Cloudy areas or specks on the cornea
may be the result of an accident or eye
injury.
12. Ophthalmoscopy or fundoscopy
a. The ophthalmoscope, or funduscope, is
an instrument used to examine the
external structures and the interior of
the eye.
b. The room is darkened so that the pupil
will dilate.
c. The instrument is held with the right
hand when examining the right eye
and with the left hand when
examining the left eye.
d. The client is asked to look straight
ahead at an object on the wall.
e. The examiner should approach the
client’s eye from about 12 to 15 inches
(30.5 to 38 cm) away and 15 degrees
lateral to the client’s line of vision.
f. As the instrument is directed at the
pupil, a red glare (red reflex) is seen in
the pupil.
g. The red reflex is the reflection of light
on the vascular retina.
h. Absence of the red reflex may indicate
opacity of the lens.

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