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Radial Pulse: Located at the radial side of the forearm at the wrist
                     Ulnar Pulse: Located on the opposite side of the location of the radial pulse at
                      the wrist
                     Brachial Pulse: Located above the elbow at the antecubital fossa, between the
                      biceps and triceps muscles


               Arteries in the Legs


                     Femoral Pulse: Located below the inguinal ligament, midway between the
                      symphysis pubis and the anterosuperior iliac spine
                     Popliteal Pulse: Located behind the knee
                     Dorsalis Pedis Pulse: Located at the top of the foot, in line with the groove
                      between the extensor tendons of the great and first toes
                     Posterior Tibial Pulse: Located on the inside of the ankle, behind and below the
                      medial malleolus (ankle bone)


               Grading the Force


                     4 + = Strong and bounding
                     3 + = Full pulse, increased
                     2 + = Normal, easily palpable
                     1 + = Weak, barely palpable



               Box 12-11

               Common Postural Abnormalities



                     Lordosis (Swayback): Increased lumbar curvature
                     Kyphosis (Hunchback): Exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic
                      spine
                     Scoliosis: Lateral spinal curvature


               Table 12-4


               Criteria for Grading and Recording Muscle Strength














               Data from Wilson AF, Giddens JF: Health assessment for nursing practice, ed 5, St.
               Louis, 2013, Mosby.



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