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domestic purchaser, piggyback organisation, export house or trading
company. If the methods are more direct then intermediaries include

wholesalers, agents, distributors and retailers. Other alternatives include
the choice to have no intermediaries and deal direct with the customer.
This includes mail order and the use of the Internet.

Figure 10.1: Distribution channels for consumer goods

Indirect

home Domestic Piggyback Export Trading

country purchasi operations houses companies

channel ng

members

Mail order Wholesale Agents

Internet rs and

distributo

rs

Direct

channel

members

Retailers Retailers

Custome Customer Custome

rs s rs

Source: Doole and Lowe (2008, p.349)