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OTE/SPH
OTE/SPH
August 31, 2006
Char Count= 0
JWBK119-11
166 2:57 Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Normality
Probability Plot of Residuals
Normal - 95% Cl
99
Mean 0
StDev 0.35
95 N 40
90 AD 0.262
p-Value >0.250
80
Percent 70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
1
−1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Residuals
Figure 11.3 Probability plot of residuals using MINITAB.

Normal Probability Plot Based on Linearizing of CDF
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Φ −1 (x) 0
−1
−0.5
−2
−2.5
−1.5
−0.2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1
Residuals
Figure 11.4 Probability plot of residuals using Excel.

where
n
2 2
S = (x (i) − ¯x) ,
i=1
k

b = a i,n (x (n−i+1) − x (i) ),
i=1
in which the x (i) are ordered observations of rank i; k = n/2 when n is even (n − 1)/2
when n is odd; the a i,n are constants generated from the moments of the standard