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6.8 π‘°“¬„π»“ π“

π‘°“¬¢Õß»“ π“´‘°¢å∑’Ë ”§—≠¡’Õ¬Ÿà 2 π‘°“¬ §◊Õ

1. π‘°“¬π“π—°ªíπ∂‘ À√◊Õ À—™∏√’ π‘°“¬π’ÈÀπ—°‰ª„π∑“ßπ—∫∂◊Õ§ÿ√ÿπ“π—° ®÷ߥ”√ß™’«‘µ
Õ¬ŸàÕ¬à“߇√’¬∫ßà“¬ ¥”‡π‘π√Õ¬µ“¡§ÿ√ÿπ“π—° π‘°“¬π’È‚°πº¡‚°πÀ𫥇§√“‰¥â

2. π‘°“¬¢“≈ “ À√◊Õ ‘ßÀå π‘°“¬π’Èπ—∫∂◊ÕÀπ—°‰ª∑“ߧÿ√ÿ‚§«‘π∑ ‘ßÀ废â∑’Ëπ—∫∂◊Õπ‘°“¬π’È

®–‰«âº¡µ≈Õ¥∑—ÈßÀ𫥇§√“¬“« ‚¥¬‰¡àµ—¥À√◊Õ‚°πµ≈Õ¥™’«‘µ

6.9 —≠≈—°…≥å¢Õß»“ π“

—≠≈—°…≥å¢Õß»“ π“´‘°¢å∑’Ëπ—∫«à“ ”§—≠ §◊Õ ç°“πÈ”·≈–¥“∫é ´÷ËßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√√—∫„™â·≈–

°”≈—ß π’ȇªìπ —≠≈—°…≥åª√–°“√∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß

—≠≈—°…≥åª√–°“√∑’Ë Õß §◊Õ Õ—°…√ ° ∑—Èß 5 ¥—ß∑’Ë°≈à“«·≈â«„π‡√◊ËÕßæ‘∏’°√√¡

à«π —≠≈—°…≥åª√–°“√∑’Ë “¡ ∑’Ëπ—∫«à“ ”§—≠ ´÷Ëßπ‘¬¡„™â°—π¡“°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ·≈–„™âæ‘¡æ剫â

„πÀπ—ß ◊Õµà“ßÊ ‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬„Àâ√Ÿâ«à“‡ªìπ¢Õß»“ π“´‘°¢å§◊Õ√Ÿª¥“∫‰¢«â ·≈–¡’¥“∫ 2 §¡
À√◊Õæ√–¢√√§åÕ¬Ÿàµ√ß°≈“ß ·≈â«¡’«ß°≈¡∑—∫æ√–¢√√§åπ—ÈπÕ’°µàÕÀπ÷Ëß «ß°≈¡π—Èπ¡‘‰¥â∑”‡ªìπ√Ÿª®—°√

·µà∑”‡ªìπ‡ âπ°≈¡∏√√¡¥“ ¥—ß„π√Ÿª

6.10 ∞“π–¢Õß»“ π“„πªí®®ÿ∫—π 1

»“ π“´‘°¢å∂÷ß·¡â®–‡°‘¥¡“‰¡àπ“ππ—° ·µà®”π«π»“ π‘°¢Õß»“ π“π’È °Á¡’¡“°°«à“
»“ π‘°¢Õß»“ π“‚´‚√Õ— ‡µÕ√å·≈–»“ 𓇙π√«¡°—π‡ ’¬Õ’° °≈à“«§◊Õ™“«´‘°¢å¡’ª√–¡“≥ 18

≈â“π 5 · π§π (Encyclopaedia Briannica 1992 : 269) ™“«´‘°¢å¡’°√–®—¥°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà„π

1
øóôπ ¥Õ°∫—«. »“ 𓇪√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 3, 2549 Àπâ“ 239-240.

DOU 191
» “ π “ ´‘ ° ¢å