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Unit 19: Biology Part 2 Page 68 of 137
With 100 billion neurons each
connected to thousands of other
neurons, the brain is the control
center of the body and one of its
most complex organs. Like a
plane’s pilot or a ship’s captain, the
brain tells the other part of the
nervous system what to do.
Since the nervous system controls
the other systems, and the brain
controls the nervous system, the
brain is in charge of nearly Figure 51 – The cerebrum is the
everything in our body, from largest part of the brain.
memory, to speech, to seeing and
hearing, to our overall ability to The cerebrum is divided into two
learn. halves called hemispheres. The
left hemisphere controls the right
Think about all the way your brain part of the body, and vice versa.
is working as you read this Each hemisphere has four parts,
sentence. Your see the words, called lobes. These lobes are the
read them, think about what they frontal, parietal, occipital, and
mean, and try to remember them temporal lobe. Each lobe has
as much as you can. It’s all different things it is responsible for.
controlled by the brain! For example, the frontal lobe
controls speech, thinking, and
The brain is made of three parts – touch, while the temporal lobe
the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and controls hearing and smell.
the brainstem. The cerebrum is
the largest part and controls the Under the cerebrum lies the
things we are aware of, such as cerebellum. This part of the brain
speaking and solving problems. It controls balance, coordination, and
also controls voluntary motions, body position. All of the
meaning the motions we think cerebellum’s jobs are on display if
about doing, such as walking, you are riding a bike.
waving, or typing.
The smallest part of the brain is
the brain stem. It is also located
under the cerebrum, but in front of
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