Page 121 - Knowledge Organiser Yr9 24-25

Knowledge Base: Science Working scientifically Year 9
7. Analysing & interpreting data
7.1
What does repeatable mean?
If the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment and obtains the same results.
7.12
Why should results be repeated?
Taking many repeat measurements will improve accuracy. Anomalous results can be easily spotted in the data and discarded, leading to a more accurate calculation of the mean.
7.2
What does reproducible mean?
If the measurements are very similar when repeated by a different person or group, using different equipment and/or methods.
7.13
Should we consider anomalies when drawing a line of best fit?
Anomalies should be ignored when drawing the line of best fit.
7.3
What is a valid conclusion?
A conclusion supported by valid data, obtained from an appropriate experimental design and based on sound reasoning.
7.14
How can you write a conclusion for a graph?
State what the graph shows, such as if there is a relationship between the two variables. A good way of describing the relationship is to say what happens to one variable as the other one increases or decreases. Try to include data in your conclusion.
7.4
What are the 2 main types of error?
Systematic & random error
7.15
Write a conclusion for this graph
This graph shows that the longer a kettle is left to boil, the hotter the water gets until it reaches 100°C. This is a positive correlation.
7.5
What is systematic error?
Errors caused by inaccurate equipment, like equipment that doesn’t zero properly or by problems with a method.
7.6
What is random error?
Errors caused by factors we cant control like tiny temperature changes in a room. They can also happen if you make a mistake – like pushing the stopwatch button too late.
7.7
What is peer review?
Conclusions from new scientific research are reviewed or checked by other scientists. They check the method used, the accuracy of the results and the conclusions drawn. Scientists check that the research is valid.
7.16
Write a conclusion for this graph
This graph shows
that as the extension increases, so does the force. This shows a directly proportional relationship.
7.8
Why is peer review important?
Scientists check that the research is valid and that the research is not bias.
7.9
What is the range?
The difference between the largest and smallest number in a set of data
7.17
What is directly proportional?
As one quantity increases, the other increases at the same rate. It can be represented as y ∝ x.
7.10
What is resolution of an instrument?
The resolution of a measuring instrument is the smallest change in a quantity that gives a change in the reading that can be seen
7.18
Which ruler is more precise?
Resolution = 1mm Resolution = 1cm
mm 10 20 30 40 50 cm 1 2 3 4 5
The ruler with 1mm resolution (higher) is more precise.
7.11
What is an anomaly?
A result that doesn’t fit in with the pattern of the other results
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