Page 42 - Class Portfolio2019

UNIT I
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
-the consequence of receiving food if they pressed the lever ensured that they would
repeat the action again and again.
- adding a pleasant stimulus, it results in an increase of behavior.

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
-the consequences of escaping the electric current ensured that they would repeat the
action again and again.
-removing an aversive stimulus.

7 Benefits and Advantages of Using Positive Reinforcement

• Students can learn through the social cues of their teachers as to what constitutes
acceptable behavior. For example, if one student is praised for a desired behavior, other
students also learn that this behavior is acceptable and that it will be praised.
• One important advantage of using positive reinforcement is that students actively enjoy
being present and learning in the classroom.
• Use of positive reinforcement leads to heightened enthusiasm in students – and even the
teacher!
• Furthermore, it can allow accomplishment to be celebrated as a class.
• Positive reinforcement leads to a greater sense of community in the class.
• Use of positive reinforcement is related to increased student attendance.
• When positive reinforcement is used, students are more motivated.

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

-Adding an aversive stimulus to deter a behavior

EXAMPLE AVERSIVE STIMULUS UNDESIRED BEHAVIOR
 Mom gives Mag a Time-out Lying
time-out for lying
 Jhon was assigned Extra homework Late to school
extra homework
because he was late
to school

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

-removing pleasant stimulus to deter behavior

EXAMPLE AVERSIVE STIMULUS UNDESIRED BEHAVIOR
 Mary’s TV time was TV time Did not listen
by cut by 20 minutes
because she did not
listen to her mom.

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