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tion. In 2003, 18% of offenders on programs, and community mental illnesses-a-guide-to-research-
federal probation had some level health organizations to ensure those informed-policy-and-practice/
of mental illness (Slate et al, 2004). suffering from mental illness, their Scott, C. & Gerbasi, J. (2005). Handbook
While the U.S. Probation Office family, and the community are all of correctional mental health.
did not have a centralized training kept safe.  Washington, DC: American
program for mental health, many Psychiatric Publishing.
probation officers have been desig- References Slate, R., Feldman, R., Roskes, E., &
nated as “mental health specialists” Davidson, M. (2016). A criminal justice Baerga, M. (2004). Training federal
to coordinate with mental health system-wide response to mental probation officers as mental health
courts and community correctional illness: Evaluating the effectiveness specialists. Federal Probation, 68(3).
centers. Movement to a commu- of the Memphis Crisis Intervention Southern Poverty Law Center. (2002).
nity correctional center is seen as a Team Training curriculum among Bradley v. Haley (USDC Middle
normal procedure for most federal law enforcement and correctional District of Alabama, 92-CV-70-N).
offenders. However, community officers. Criminal Justice Policy Retrieved from www.splcenter.
reentry for offenders with special Review, 27(1), 46–75. org/get-informed/case-docket/
bradley-v-haley
needs can be more problematic Delaney, R. Ferguson, D., Nazon, M.
(Slate et al, 2004). & Bynum, R. (2016, May/June). Uetz, A. (2017). How crisis interven-
tion training can help police officers
Reentry and offenders with special
U.S. Probation Office mental needs: Mental illness and address- respond to people with mental ill-
health specialists are seen as a vital ing criminogenic needs. American ness. Retrieved from www.safety-
link between the Bureau of Prisons Jails, 30(2), 20–25. andjusticechallenge.org/2017/10/
(BOP), U.S. courts, community Esshaki, T. (2015). Jail diversion by crisis-intervention-training-can-
corrections centers, state and local the numbers: Oakland County help-police-officers-respond-people-
governments, and mental health works to help mentally ill mental-illness/
community organizations. The offenders find better path. C & University of New England Center
various agencies have seen the need G Newspapers. Retrieved from for Health Policy, Planning, and
for comprehensive efforts to coordi- www.candgnews.com/news/ Research. (2007). Crisis Intervention
nate services through the criminal jail-diversion-numbers-82204 Team (CIT) training for correctional
system and state and local mental Greville, L. (2016). Mental health moni- officers: An evaluation of NAMI
health and substance abuse organi- tor: Mental health courts—improv- Maine’s 2005-2007 expansion program.
Portland, ME: University of New
zations. The goal is to help the men- ing outcomes for defendants with England.
tal health offender reenter society mental illness. Social Work Today,
and exit out of the criminal justice 16(2), 8. Wood, J. D., Watson, A. C., &
Fulambarker, A. J. (2017). The “gray
system (Slate et al, 2004; Delaney et King County, Washington (2019). 40 zone” of police work during mental
al, 2016). hours crisis intervention training.
Retrieved from www.cjtc.wa.gov/ health encounters: Findings from
training-education/crisis-interven- an observational study in Chicago.
Conclusion tion-training/cit-crisis-intervention- Police Quarterly, 20(1), 81–105.
Mental illness is a community team-40hr—-king-county
problem that can affect many fami- McNamara, C. (2016). Field guide to con-
lies. While many feel the problem sulting and organizational development: David Mailloux is an Associate
originates with the responses of law A collaborative and systems approach Professor at University of Phoenix. He
enforcement, it actually begins with to performance, change and learning. can be contacted at DMailloux@email.
phoenix.edu.
the family. They are the ones who Minneapolis, MN: Authenticity
are tackling difficult situations on a Consulting, LLC. Frederick Lawrence is an Associate
daily basis. They want to help fam- Mental Health First Aid USA. (2019). Professor at the University of Phoenix,
College of Doctoral Studies. He can
ily members and friends who are You can be part of the solution. be contacted at fplawrence@email.
suffering from mental illness, but Retrieved from www.mentalhealth- phoenix.edu.
don’t necessarily feel the individual firstaid.org/ Lorraine Priest is an Associate
needs to go to jail. Reuland M., Schwarzfeld M., & Professor at the University of Phoenix,
The criminal justice system has Draper L. (2009). Law enforcement College of Doctoral Studies. She can
had to change in order to better responses to people with mental ill- be contacted at lfpriest@email.phoenix.
ness: A guide to research-informed
address the issues involved. Mental policy and practice. Retrieved edu.
health issues require a coordi- from https://csgjusticecenter.org/ Ray Bynum is an Associate Professor
nated effort from law enforcement, publications/law-enforcement- at the University of Phoenix, College of
corrections, probation, diversion responses-to-people-with-mental- Doctoral Studies. He can be contacted
at RBynum2@email.phoenix.edu.

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