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EYES INC—CCEP Yearly Report for 2019-2020 — Version 0.3 June 22, 2020
and hyperactivity, than children of parents who don’t abuse alcohol or drugs (DHHS, 1999). Ample research has revealed treatment is effective, and cost-effective, by reducing the need for social services in a range of other areas (DHHS, 2001).
According to Jahn Moses, et al (2003), “Fifty-Five to 99 percent of women substance abusers report being victimized at some point in their lives.” Traumatic events can include physical, psychological and sexual abuse, domestic violence, witnessing violence against others, and accidents. For women, research has demonstrated that 48% to 90% of those women with mental health and substance abuse disorders also have histories of interpersonal abuse (Lipschitz et al, 1996). Women with substance use problems have been found to be significantly more likely than men to exhibit recent physical, emotional, or sexual abuse (Gentilello et al, 2000). Covington (2007) states that, “a history of being abused drastically increases the likelihood that a woman will abuse alcohol and other drugs” and suggests that by “integrating trauma treatment with addiction treatment, we reduce the risk of trauma-based relapse.”
Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women. Women are typically confronted with multiple barriers when seeking substance abuse treatment, including gender specific barriers such as a lack of targeted programs for mothers and their children, childcare concerns, lack of medical care, little or no education or job skills, and the social stigma and criminalization of drug use while pregnant, and fear of abuse. Despite the clear need for chemical dependency treatment for substance abusing pregnant women, very few targeted treatment options exist. According to the 2013 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), 14 percent of substance abuse treatment facilities offered special programs for pregnant or postpartum women (SAMHSA, 2015). The most consistently reported barrier to women entering drug treatment, residential or outpatient, is childcare concerns (Marsh & Miller, 1985). Another barrier is medical needs for HIV/AIDS, infections, anemia, sexually transmitted diseases, hepatitis, hypertension, diabetes, urinary tract infections, gynecological problems, nutritional deficits and dental disease (Ashley et al, 2003). According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), women continue to account for a growing proportion of new AIDS cases nationally, rising from 7% in 1986 to 27% in 2005. The most recent data (2005) show that African American women account for 66% of new AIDS cases among women; and Latinas account for 16% of those cases (CDC, 2007).
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