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Figure 29: A Lee-Enfield-style action.
The feed system is also slightly differ- previous actions require the bolt handle
ent than the Mauser. The Enfield uses a to be rotated and pulled to open and close
hybrid push/controlled feed system that the action, while the straight-pull only re-
makes it more versatile to load. Like the quires the bolt handle to be pulled to the
Mauser, the Enfield employs a controlled rear of the receiver to unlock and open the
feed system when feeding from the mag- action and pushed forward to close and
azine (10-round fixed), and a push feed lock it. The actual locking of the cham-
system when single loading by hand. The ber happens one of two ways: bearing lock
Enfield also uses a receiver-mounted and rotating bolt.
ejector similar to the Mauser.
The bearing lock system utilizes spring-
• Mosin-Nagant – The Mosin-Nagant loaded ball bearings, which live inside
(Figure 30) was another hard-use the bolt and lock into recesses in the re-
military rifle that was employed by the ceiver. The design of the system does not
Russians during WWI and II. The hold up under the pressure generated by
Mosin-Nagant employs a cock-on-open high power rifle rounds, so the bearing
system and a two-piece bolt/body. Unlike lock system is restricted to rimfire and
the Enfield two-piece bolt, the Mosin’s small-caliber pistol cartridges. The rotat-
bolt head rotates with the body when ing bolt system is better suited for high
locking and unlocking the chamber. The power and magnum cartridges.
Mosin bolt head also uses two forward
Straight-pull actions utilize both cock-
lugs like the Mauser. The Mosin utilizes
on-open and cock-on-close systems,
the push feed system and feeds from a
depending on the specific model. Also,
five-round fixed magazine. Like its coun-
they may use both controlled and push
terparts, the Mosin also uses a spring-
feeding systems. Straight-pull actions will
loaded, receiver-mounted ejector.
also typically use plunger ejectors that are
• Straight-pull – The straight-pull action housed in the bolt head. The rotating bolt
(Figure 31) varies greatly from the other straight-pull action is the precursor to the
styles of bolt-action firearms. The three rotating bolt semi-automatic action.
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