Page 170 - Dutch Ships in Tropical Waters
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. The local currency, a small golden coin that was produced in large quantities by the mint in Negapat- nam after (Jacobs , p. ) . The exact length of a fathom (vadem) is not clear. In the th century vadems in use by the Dutch varied. Most common were the vadem of six Rijnland feet (. m.) or of six Amsterdam feet (. m). . Many types of currency were in use during the period of this study. Where possible the guilder will be used as the standard. The different currencies were also a problem for the VOC. Right after they were established in it was decided that the accounts for all the chambers or departments would be made up in guilders (NA .., VOC , --) . The difficulty with the design of this type of diving device is to keep the hose open for the air supply. On deeper dives the difference in air pressure will also create problems. In Finland an th century leather dive suit has survived – the problem with the hose was solved by reinforcing it with wooden pipes. (Maarleveld , p. ) . Dutch sea mile is . kilometres . Nieuw Enckhuysen (ID:), last, built . Witte Duyf (ID:), last,in service since Witte Paard (ID:), last, built Overschie (ID:), last, built Trouw (ID:), last, built Os (ID:), last, built Koe (ID:), last, built . Swarte Beer (ID:), last, built . Santdijck or Zaandijk (ID:), last, built . Hillegaersberg (ID:), last, built Pellicaen (ID:), last, built Potvis (ID:), last, built . Hulst (ID:), last, built Maasland (ID:), last, built . Liefde (ID:), last, built Vrede (ID:), last, built . Koning van Polen (ID:), last, built Robyn (ID:), last, built . Kampen (ID:), last, built , Witte Valk (ID:), last, built . Nassouw (ID:), last, built . Wesel (ID:), last, built . Reiger (ID:), last, built . jacht Valk, vrijliedenjacht Bonijt, jonk Sincan, jacht Woerden, veroverd jacht Ba- tavia, jonk Girim, fluit Swaen, fluit Son, jachtje kleen Rotterdam, jonk Que- lang, jonk Taiwan, jonk Tamsuy, fluit Jonker, fluit Potvis, fluit Lam, retoruschip Vreede, galjoot Vleermuis, jacht Maarsen. . Only the first stage of the analysis of the shipping encompasses a longer period of years, i.e. up to . The reason is that is a demarcation date in the organisation when the VOC set up a perma- nent structure in Asia. On the other hand, no specific demarcation year can be found to discriminate early ("Voorcompagnieën") voyages in Asia from those made by the VOC, so all "early" voyages which had the "trading round-tour" character are included in one stage. . ‘Spice Islands’ is a collective noun for the following regions: the islands Ternate, Tidore (area ), Ambon (area ) and Banda (area ). . This was specifically the case in the early period of the shipping when the VOC tried to adopt the local system of maintenance and repairs by bringing the vessels in shore on the river. This was the location where the locals kept their vessels in the off-season. For the VOC it turned out to be more efficient to sail back regularly to Batavia or, later in the th century, to Galle for maintenance and repair. . The first stage of the analysis of the shipping encompasses a longer period of years, i.e. to . The reason being that is a demarcation date in the organisation; the date the VOC set up a permanent structure in Asia. . Beeckman discussed the shape of the underwater body with shipbuilders and studied, for example, the working of the rudder and other sailing features of a ship. Stevins contribution was in the field of stability. He studied the theoretical background of practical issues like the construction of a ship’s superstructure. Dutch Ships in Tropical Waters
