Page 105 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

(152 II 19) Then the Upper Deck beams are raised , as shown at f [in fig. 2.72] and which is rst raised with the ends on chocks, and in the middle on props, and then the deck clamp is made, underneath it, as at h with- out dovetails, then further ceiling planking is added , down to the Ceiling on the W aterway, and then the hangingkneesareapplied;iisasca olding,onwhich the leveling is done, w hen placing the ceiling under- neath the deck clamp.
At k the inner face of the Stem is shown: but the
How Ships Are Built in Holland Today
(78 I 22) About the deck Beams.
2. The deck beams, thick 9 inches, broad 10 inches,
have a cur ve of 7 inches. The water ways broad 2 feet, thick41⁄2 inches.Theselieontheotherbeamsofthe main deck, separated 3 1⁄2 feet, high fore and aft 4 feet. The forecastle sometimes goes one step down: its deck clamp is broad 1 foot and 8 inches, thick 2 1⁄2 inches: forward it is to be 5 inches higher than aft: there are 7 beams, thick 5 inches, broad 8 inches.
(78 I 15) 30. About matters in the cable tier.
1. The deck clamp in the cable tier , forward high 4
feet, aft 4 feet 9 inches, the deck clamp, broad 18 inches, thick 31⁄2 inches, the hanging knees long 4 1⁄2 feet, their bills long 3 feet, and aft 4 feet 8 inches, thick, and broad 8 inches.
(78 I 34) 31. About several matters, in the Gun room.
1. The beams high 5 feet 9 inches, aft high 6 feet 5
inches.
2. The deck beams, thick 9 inches, broad 10 inches,
curved 51⁄2 inches. There lie 7 beams, one l ying against the stern timber: is 1 foot 8 inches above the wing tran- som. The waterway here thick 11⁄2 feet, thick 31⁄2 in.
3. The room long 29 feet.
4. About the deck clamp on the Waterway.
1. The deck clamp be broad 18 in.
2. Thick 3 inches.
5. The hanging knees broad 8 inches, thick 7 inches.
Aft there are 2 lodging knees. Th e bills long 3 feet, the lower ends long 51⁄2 feet.
Between the cable tier and the Gun room lie 13 deck beams, below the forecastle lie 6 deck beams.
6. About the knees against the wing transom. 1. The knees against the wing transom long
6 feet.
2. In the side 6 feet.
3 The knees thick 1 foot, broad 1 foot 2 inches.
Figure 2.92.
the spirketing is fitted against the frames and on top of the waterway. (Courtesy G. A. de Weerdt)
ends of the planks or ceilings have to meet one an- other there.
(265 I 49) The upper deck sometimes drops one foot at the Gun room, which is for the guns to stand upright. In Merchant ships at the main mast the upper deck goes down, a step of half a foot, but the upper deck remains somewhat rising. So it is also with the main deck; but this need not drop as much, as it rises less: when this happens, and the main deck drops aft, the drop starts at the bulkhead of the Cabin.
The upper decks on N orth and East traders are made to rise fair ly high, and such, that the crew ma y keep itself dry up there, because th us the water ows down and in to the sea; w hich in the northern areas often sprays over the ship. On M en-of-War the guns need to lie parallel to the water, which is why the up- per decks should not rise very high.
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(276 I 6) But it must be avoided to build ships too high, because they are tender , and catch too much useless wind; nor should be built too low; because such are often run over by water.
44. Fit the Beams of the Upper Deck, and Make the Gun Room
When Witsen talks about the upper deck (verdek), he usu- ally means only the central, uncovered part of the upper deck, not counting the forec astle, steering pl ace, and cabin.
The waterway is partly let into the beam;
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