Page 170 - Nicolaes Witsen & Shipbuilding in the Dutch Golden Age

Chapter Two
deck). From Witsen’s description it appears that these were not the c omplex gratings found mainly on Engli sh models, with the parts countersunk onto each other, but simple athwartship ledges and longitudinal rafters nailed to one another.
101. After this make the Bordered Hatch Covers.
101. After This Make the Bordered Hatch Covers
Bordered hatch covers had edges that closed around the coamings. These were almost always the sm all hatches, like the ones giving access to the cheese and bread room. Other hatch covers were sunk into the deck, like the ones of the hel (the for ward storeroom) and the pe ak aft. The gratings of the main hatches were sunk into the coamings, as we have seen.
102. The Bushes, Pumps, and the Privy.
(56 I 48) Bushes, are tubes, through w hich the water goes into the sea.
. ..
(60 II 43) The bush, is the wood into which comes the hole for drainage, or scuppers, on the main deck, and the upper deck.
(93 I 20) 72. About the bushes on the upper deck and main deck.
The bushes, on the main deck, broad 6 inches, thick 5 inches, the holes wide 3 inches.
1. The bushes, on the upper deck, thick 4 in. broad 4 inches.
2. The holes wide 2 inches, the curve is of 14 inches.
In large ships two pumps are made well
The Scupper Hose to the pump, is made of cloths, or canvas: the water goes through this.
. ..
(269 II 5) In large ships two pumps are to be found before the steering stand, and one near the main mast, well tted, served and surrounded by casings in the hold.
(56 I 50)
served.
(56 I 45)
(85 II 19) About the Pumps.
Abaft the main knigh t, stands a pump, w hich is 1 1⁄2
feet before the hatch, for drainage.
Both pumps aft are on the steering stand , and 5
inches from the mizzenmast, and the rear of the pump, comes about in the middle of the mast, the holes are wide 12 inches: the pumps stand with their lower ends in
152
(86 I 21) The small hatch aft near the transoms, is 20 inches wide, and as long: made of one plank.
The small hatch behind the mast, has a bordered hatch cover.
Figure 2.201. Figure 2.202. Figure 2.203.
(top left) Plate XXXV. Grating.
(bottom left) Plate XXIX. Bordered hatch cover. (below) Plate XXXIII. Bush.