Page 115 - RoadCem Manual - PCT BV

Table 5.3 Environmental Issues.
Ecological
- Impact of flora and fauna.
- Deforestation.
- Disturbance of natural eco-system.
- Decrease in bio-diversity.
- Threats to exotic and non-indigenous species.
- Depletion of scarce material resources.
- Regressive or progressive soil erosion.
Economic
- Capital costs (design and construction).
- Maintenance costs.
- Flood damage costs.
- Loss/degradation of agriculture/arable land.
- Sterilisation of land for future use.
- Land value reduced (designated borrows, severed farms).
Social
- Severance/dislocation of local communities.
- Adverse impacts of women.
- Destruction of cultural antiquities.
- Conflicts arising from changing land use/ownership of land.
- Traffic accidents.
- Health and safety (e.g. danger to humans, especially children, and wildlife from drowning in borrow pits).
- Construction impacts.
Physical
- Aesthetic.
- E.g. loss of natural beauty and scars on landscape.
- Natural vegetation is not, or cannot be replaced.
- Noise, air, water pollution.
- Dust impact.
- Disruption of drainage courses.
From our point of view and of importance for this manual the RoadCem approach and the Traditional Approach to road provision differ most significantly with respect to:
• Ecological impacts
• Economic impacts (addressed in the previous section), and
• Physical impacts (aesthetic, biodiversity, resource depletion, disruption of drainage courses)
Traditional road provision approaches are based on import of road building material as this is imposed by the conventional pavement design practice.
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ENVIRONMENT